Surgical treatment of inguinal hernia can be divided into two categories: conventional surgery and lumpectomy. 1. All pediatric hernia surgeries are performed with high ligation of the hernia sac. For emergency surgery of pediatric hernia with incarcerated hernia, traditional open surgery is preferred. For elective surgery of pediatric hernia without hernia entrapment, minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery is preferred. 2. Conventional adult surgery can be further divided into tissue-to-tissue tension suture repair (also called classical surgery), such as Bassini and Shouldice, and tension-free hernia repair surgery using hernia repair materials. Tension-free hernia repairs include those that strengthen the posterior inguinal wall: e.g., simple flat patch repair (Lichtenstein, Trabucco, etc.) and mesh-flat patch repair (e.g., Rutkow, Millikan, etc.), as well as tension-free hernia repairs that target the anterior peritoneal space of the “musculo-pubic foramen”: e.g. Kugel, Gilbert, Stoppa, etc. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is a tension-free hernia repair using hernia repair material, which is divided into three categories according to the surgical route and principles as follows: (1) Transperitoneal extraperitoneal route repair (TEP), which has the advantage of less disturbance to intra-abdominal organs because it does not enter the peritoneal cavity. (2) Transperitoneal pre-peritoneal repair (TAPP) is more likely to detect bilateral, compound and occult hernias because it enters the peritoneal cavity. It also facilitates the observation and management of cases of incarcerated hernia and hernia contents that are not easily retractable. (3) Intraperitoneal patch repair (IPOM): requires repair with an anti-adhesive patch, which is more expensive and not recommended as the preferred method for lumpectomy. Each of these surgical approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no single optimal surgical approach that can solve all inguinal hernia problems. However, in general, tension-free hernia repair surgery using hernia repair materials has become the mainstream surgical procedure because of its low recurrence rate, mild postoperative pain, and minimally invasive surgery.