Xiao Ming is a fifth-grade student in elementary school. He has been very restless in class lately, either talking or making small movements, pulling the braid of the girl in front of him for a while, or turning out some gadgets in his school bag for play. The teacher said that Xiao Ming is not always calm in class, and his grades are not good because he does not listen to discipline. Xiao Ming also does his homework at home while playing, with many interruptions, drinking water for a while, cutting his nails for a while, going to the toilet for a while, and taking a long time to finish his homework, like running a marathon, with many mistakes as a result. His parents tried hard to reason with him, but he said he was “annoyed” and took strict disciplinary measures, even getting anxious and beating him, but to no avail. The parents were very anxious, is Xiao Ming a bad student? It was confirmed that Xiao Ming is suffering from a disease called “childhood hyperactivity disorder”, also known as “attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder”. Of course, there are many parents who equate children’s activity with ADHD, mistaking their children’s nature for pathology, which is also not true. Normal children’s activity is generally predominantly in boys aged 3 to 6 years old, and is also characterized by hyperactivity and short attention span, but the hyperactivity of such children is often due to excessive extraneous external stimuli, fatigue, inaccurate learning purposes, and failure to develop regular habits in general. In fact, the diagnostic criteria for ADHD are very strict, if parents suspect that their children have the following symptoms, they should go to a regular psychological hospital for examination, rather than labeling the child as ADHD: 1. difficulty in concentration: the attention of such children is easily distracted by the environment, even when playing a game they are very interested in, they often seem inattentive. 2.Overactivity: Daily performance is extraordinarily lively, idle, nosy, and prone to conflict with others. After entering elementary school, they are more active due to various restrictions. 3. Impatient and capricious, unstable emotions: they want something and have to meet it immediately, their emotions are volatile, they cry out loudly for no reason, and sometimes hurt people or destroy things on impulse. . 4. Learning difficulties: Most of the children with ADHD have normal or near normal intelligence level. However, the above symptoms can lead to a significant drop in academic performance. As long as children with ADHD are given the right treatment and educational guidance, they can still be successful! I. Non-pharmacological treatment. Parents and teachers should recognize that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a disease, change the idea of the child as a “bad child”, do not discriminate, scold the child, change the purely punitive educational methods, find their merits in a timely manner to praise, in order to gradually improve self-esteem, improve to stimulate interest in learning. Secondly, to provide the child with a focused learning environment, parents try not to play mahjong or watch TV while the child is studying, it is best for parents to read and study together while the child is studying, to drive the child by their own words and example. In addition to eliminating external interference, attention should also be paid to developing the child’s inner self-control, so that the child is good at controlling his or her feelings, restraining his or her behavior and overcoming internal and external interference. The following is a brief introduction to a “reward and punishment therapy” that can develop the child’s inner self-control. As the name implies, there should be rewards and punishments. First of all, the degree of reward should be determined by the length of time that the child insists on doing things with his head, can use the agreement, score, small red flowers, etc., to a certain extent after the reward can play with toys, watch TV or go out to play, the beginning of the requirements should not be excessive, should be gradual, gradually improve the degree of standard, so that the child does not lose confidence, and make their interest gradually increased, when the child’s behavior has improved, to be praised and rewarded. When the child’s behavior improves, he or she should be praised and rewarded, while the inappropriate behavior should be tolerated, persuaded and educated, and the reward withdrawn, and if the child is unreasonable, small punishments can be administered for a short time. Be sure to pay attention to consistent discipline requirements in school and home training, and to strengthen school ties, during which education should neither be too rough nor tolerated. This method as long as persistent, confident, patient, loving, persistent and lasting will pay off. Second, drug treatment. If the child’s academic performance is okay, there is no character problem, only poor attention, more activities, it is not necessary to medication, pay attention to strengthen education can be. If the academic performance is sometimes good and bad, very unstable, or has reached the point of often failing or almost failing, then you can take medication, and at the same time make up for the homework. If there are also character problems, such as misbehaving in class and interfering with group learning, medication and education should be combined. Central nervous system stimulants such as Ritalin cannot directly change the individual development process of ADHD children, but it can quickly reduce the symptoms of hyperactivity or make them disappear, so that the affected children can have the conditions to participate in normal learning and life, and better accept the education of teachers and parents, which will be beneficial to their personality formation. However, inattention and impulsive behavior can continue into adolescence or adulthood and seriously affect their academic performance and social adaptability. Oral CNS stimulants should always be taken under the guidance of a physician and in consultation with a specialist mental health hospital.