I. Early stage
Tuberculosis must be diagnosed and treated early. Early treatment can avoid irreversible destruction of body tissues, causing difficulties in repair. In the early stage of tuberculosis, there are inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrin exudation in the alveoli, and the alveolar structure is still intact. At the same time, TB bacilli multiply vigorously and phagocytes are active in the body, so anti-TB drugs can best inhibit and kill the metabolically active and multiplying TB bacilli. Early treatment can facilitate the absorption and dissipation of lesions without leaving traces.
II. Combination
Both primary and secondary patients need a combination of drugs. Combination of drugs can avoid or delay the emergence of drug resistance, but also improve the bactericidal effect. Combined drugs should have both intracellular bactericidal drugs and extracellular bactericidal drugs, both bactericidal drugs for the acidic environment, and bactericidal drugs for the alkaline environment, so as to achieve the best efficacy, shorten the course of treatment and reduce unnecessary economic waste.
Third, the right amount
Almost all anti-tuberculosis drugs have toxic side effects, such as too large a dose, the drug concentration in the blood is too high, the digestive system, nervous system, urinary system, especially for the liver and kidneys and other important organs can produce toxic side effects; if the dose is not enough, the blood concentration is too low, and can not achieve the purpose of antibacterial, bactericidal, but also easy to produce drug resistance. So be sure to use the drug under the guidance of a specialist, using the appropriate dose.
Fourth, regular
Must be under the guidance of a specialist in the regular use of drugs. Tuberculosis is a kind of stubborn bacteria with long division cycle, slow growth and reproduction, and difficult to kill. If the medication is not regular and is discontinued when the symptoms are relieved, it will cause drug resistance of the tuberculosis bacteria, resulting in treatment failure and making future treatment more difficult. Therefore, it must be used regularly without compromise.
V. Full course
The full course of medication is the time required by the doctor to complete the chemotherapy regimen according to the patient’s condition assessment, a course of three months, the full course of one year or one and a half years. The short course of chemotherapy is not less than 6 months or 10 months.
The above “cross” principles must be strictly followed in order to treat TB completely. The short course of supervised chemotherapy is mainly carried out at home, without hospitalization, and in rural areas, without leaving the workplace, except for those with serious illnesses such as comorbidities and complications, which require hospitalization. Patients who are not excreting bacteria, have stable lesions and have mild symptoms can rest at home for treatment. The role of home conditioning in the recovery and physical and mental health of TB patients should not be underestimated.
When treating at home it should be noted that
1.Tuberculosis bacteria must be negative in sputum culture for three consecutive times before treatment and rest at home; if the patient still has fever, wasting, night sweats, and increased blood sedimentation, sputum must also continue to be checked.
2. Patients with no tuberculosis bacilli detected in sputum, but with obvious symptoms, significant increase in blood sedimentation, and large lung lesions with unclear edges should wear a mask, live in a separate room, use separate eating utensils, disinfect the house and materials regularly, open windows every day, let the sun shine into the room or use ultraviolet radiation, and use materials with “84 disinfectant” or 0.5% Soak in peroxideacetic acid solution.
3, follow the doctor’s instructions to take medication treatment, on time, long-term medication, the dose should be sufficient, the combination should be appropriate, do not easily change the treatment plan.
4, adhere to the exercise. Choose deep breathing exercises, taijiquan, qigong therapy, health care, jogging and other methods, it is important to get up in the morning to breathe fresh air.
5.Increase nutrition. Tuberculosis is a consumptive disease, usually give high calorie, high protein, high fat, high vitamin diet, can be divided into chicken, duck, fish, meat, shrimp, snapper, eel, fruits, fresh vegetables, bean products and other seasoning recipes, pay attention to color and flavor, stimulate appetite.
6.Prohibit smoking and alcohol and crave less stimulating food to reduce coughing.
7.Reduce intercourse and abstain from sexual life.
8. Live a regular life, go to bed early, get up early, and work moderately. Have a happy spirit and adjust the mood of life.
9.Keep your bowels open and digest well to help regulate your functions.
10, regular review. Chest X-ray, X-rays, blood count and sedimentation can be done to observe changes in the condition and the efficacy of drugs.