Intestinal obstruction is a common surgical condition with a high mortality rate when not managed properly. There are many reasons for this situation: many intestinal obstruction surgeries are performed in emergency situations, where patients do not undergo adequate preoperative preparation and are often combined with water-electrolyte and acid-base disorders, malnutrition or anemia; some chronic diseases (such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease) are not adequately controlled and adjusted; most patients have a history of previous surgery and have a complicated abdominal situation; among patients without a history of abdominal surgery, adolescents are mostly caused by congenital disorders such as digestive tract malformations, which are uncommon, making proper diagnosis and management difficult; the increasing incidence of mesenteric vascular disease in middle-aged and elderly patients, coupled with factors such as an increased proportion of combined chronic diseases, have significantly increased the morbidity and mortality of complications. From the condition of the intestine itself, due to the inability to perform intestinal preparation, there is often a large amount of intestinal contents in the intestinal cavity, which easily causes abdominal contamination and anastomotic difficulties; due to intestinal edema, congestion or ischemia, and the large difference between the distal and proximal diameters of the obstruction, both manual anastomosis and the use of anastomosis are more difficult to operate than elective surgery, and anastomotic leakage and poor healing easily occur. From the physician’s point of view, emergency surgery is mostly performed by young physicians with insufficient experience in handling, and the limited time to observe and understand the condition makes it difficult to guarantee the treatment effect. Therefore, it is very important to improve the understanding of intestinal obstruction and to make adequate preoperative preparation to improve the treatment effect and reduce complications.
Indications for surgery The most important thing that patients with intestinal obstruction need to clarify is not only the presence or absence of intestinal obstruction, but also the degree of obstruction. Doctors are most worried that if they do not operate urgently, they may delay the operation and bring danger to the patient; but if they operate urgently, will they operate the patient who should not operate and regret when they open the abdominal cavity. To solve this problem, it is necessary to have a full understanding of the condition.