Atypical squamous cells on TCT may be caused by inflammatory irritation or HPV infection, either of which requires a one-step test to confirm the diagnosis. When a woman undergoes a cervical TCT, the findings may show atypical squamous cells, also known as ASCUS, which may be caused by a small number of cells on the cervix due to localized inflammatory cellular irritation over a long period of time, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia due to localized cellular degeneration as a result of an infection with the HPV virus. It needs to be combined with whether HPV is positive or not to decide the next step of treatment. 1. If the HPV test result is negative, there is generally a low risk of cervical cancer, usually due to inflammation, which can be observed first, followed by anti-inflammatory treatment, such as the use of vaginal medication, and then review the TCT in 3-6 months to see if there are atypical squamous cells. 2. HPV test result is positive, there is a risk of cervical cancer, need to improve the colposcopy, if diagnosed with cervical cancer, need to do cervical cancer surgery as early as possible, or to do radiotherapy, chemotherapy. In daily life, patients should pay attention to exercise, improve immunity, reduce the chance of infection and prevent recurrence. It is necessary to determine the cause of the disease under the guidance of a doctor, treat the symptoms and seek medical treatment in time.