Nucleic acid testing generally refers to a new coronavirus nucleic acid test that is pending review implying that there is an abnormality in the test result that requires further testing for confirmation. Pending review of a new coronavirus nucleic acid test usually means that the initial screening test sample was positive, but to avoid false-positive results, the clinic advocates that the test taker review the new coronavirus nucleic acid test again or undergo other tests to confirm that he or she has a new coronavirus pneumonia. If the initial screening or retesting is positive, and the patient has a dry cough and fever, the patient should be alerted to the presence of novel coronavirus infection. If the results are negative after reviewing the nucleic acid test for the new coronavirus, but the patient does not have any other symptoms, it is necessary to take into account other tests and epidemiologic investigations to draw a conclusion. Depending on the results of the review, different measures will be taken. Prevention is the key to new coronavirus pneumonia. People should be actively vaccinated against the new coronavirus to encourage the body to produce the corresponding protective antibodies, so as to prevent the disease. Tip: The terms “new coronavirus pneumonia” and “new coronavirus pneumonia” mentioned in this article were renamed to “new coronavirus infection” on December 26, 2022, as announced by the National Health Commission.