The determination of Hp testing population is related to both gastric cancer prevention and treatment of Hp-related diseases, as well as the rational use of medical resources in China, and is an issue that needs further attention by medical personnel and medical policy makers in China. Now the authoritative views in China are: 1. high incidence areas of gastric cancer: active screening; 2. other areas: “passive treatment”; 3. patients who visit hospitals should pay attention to detection: opportunistic screening; 4. standardized treatment. Indications for H. pylori eradication proposed in the fifth national consensus opinion on H. pylori in 2016: strongly recommended: 1. peptic ulcer (with or without activity and history of complications) 2. gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma Recommended: 1. chronic gastritis with dyspeptic symptoms 2. chronic gastritis with gastric mucosal atrophy and erosion 3. early gastric tumors that have been endoscopically resected or subtotal surgical resection of the stomach 4. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors 5, family history of gastric cancer 6, planned long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (including low-dose aspirin) 7, unexplained iron deficiency anemia 8, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 9, other H. pylori infection-related diseases (such as lymphocytic gastritis, hyperplastic gastric polyps,) 10, confirmed H. pylori infection