Cough and sputum is a relatively common clinical symptom, seen in many diseases of the respiratory system, mainly to identify the causes of cough and sputum, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, lung malignant tumors, which will appear cough and sputum, it is recommended to improve the CT of the lung and sputum culture. If the CT suggests infectious diseases, such as bronchiectasis or pneumonia, sensitive antimicrobial drugs can be selected according to the results of sputum culture for anti-infective treatment. If tuberculosis is considered, long-term and standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment should be adopted; if lung malignant tumor is considered, different treatment options should be adopted according to the results of pathological types, such as surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.