Currently, surgery is the only reliable cure for hernia. It is customary to categorize two types of surgical methods for hernia, one is traditional hernia repair surgery and the other is tension-free hernia repair surgery. Traditional hernia repair surgery has a history of more than 100 years. 1884, an Italian doctor, Dr. Bassini, invented a surgical method for treating inguinal hernia called hernia repair. The basic principle is to put the protruding mass (hernia sac) back into the abdominal cavity, and then suture the muscles and tendon membranes of the abdominal wall together with threads to close the weak area of the abdominal wall (the defect area), so that the internal organs will no longer protrude from the defect area. This procedure has been used as the most classic method of treating inguinal hernias for a hundred years and has cured a large number of patients with inguinal hernias. However, recurrence of the hernia, i.e. treatment failure, still occurs in about 10-20% of patients after surgery. In the 1980s, a new surgical method for treating inguinal hernias emerged, called tension-free hernia repair. It involves the use of a biosynthetic material, polypropylene (patch), which is placed over the defective area of the abdominal wall and stitched to the surrounding abdominal wall tissue, closing the defect and preventing the viscera from protruding through the area again. These two surgical methods are analogous to a torn hole in a piece of clothing; the traditional surgical method involves patching the hole directly with a needle and thread, while the tension-free method involves patching the hole with a piece of cloth. Obviously, the cloth method will be stronger and flatter. In other words, the recurrence rate of tension-free repair surgery is much lower, only 1-4%, and the patient will feel less pain and faster recovery after the surgery, and can be discharged from the hospital after the surgery after only 1-2 days of hospitalization, or even on the same day of the surgery, and can usually return to normal activities within one month. Traditional surgery, on the other hand, often requires three days in bed and no strenuous activity for three months. Since tension-free hernia repair is placing a biosynthetic material, which is a foreign substance, into the body, will there be any rejection? After nearly thirty years of clinical use and continuous improvement of the material, this kind of rejection is extremely rare, and even if it occurs, the patch can be surgically removed, and generally does not affect the patient’s life. Tension-free hernia repair has now become the standard method of hernia surgery, and with the continuous improvement of this technique, it will bring good news to more and more hernia patients.