The incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is generally around 10% in patients with traumatic brain injury, and many patients have poor drug treatment and eventually develop refractory epilepsy. Some scholars classify PTE as ultra-early seizures (within 24 h after trauma), early seizures (24 h to 1 w after trauma), and late seizures (8 d after trauma). Intracranial hematoma and cerebral contusion are the most common causes of traumatic epilepsy. These seizures are most often caused by degenerative changes such as foreign bodies, brain tissue scarring, and softening foci in the injured area. Although antiepileptic drugs can control some of the seizures or reduce them, about 20% of patients still cannot control seizures effectively with drugs and eventually develop refractory epilepsy. For patients with early PTE, pharmacological treatment, such as phenytoin sodium, valproic acid, and carbamazepine, should be preferred, and if necessary, a combination of drugs can be used. The following are the indications for surgical treatment The patient should be considered for surgery. 1. The seizures are not completely controlled after more than 2 years of regular antiepileptic medication (including combination medication), the seizures are frequent, more than 1~2 times per month, and affect work, study and life, or the patient cannot tolerate long-term antiepileptic medication. 2. 2. The preoperative scalp EEG repeatedly confirms that there is a fixed and limited epileptic foci in one cerebral hemisphere, and it is compatible with CT or MRI examination of limited epileptic foci, and at least two of the seizure symptoms are compatible with EEG and imaging examination; 3.