Malocclusion, also known as malocclusion, refers to the malformation of teeth, jaws and craniofacial surface caused by congenital genetic factors or acquired environmental factors such as diseases, bad oral habits and abnormal tooth replacement during the growth and development of children, mainly including: misalignment of teeth, abnormal jaw relationship between upper and lower dental arches, abnormal jaw size and morphological position, etc. How is malocclusion caused? The factors and mechanisms of malocclusion are complex. The process of malocclusion may be caused by a single factor or mechanism, but it may also be the result of a combination of factors or mechanisms that affect the growth and development of the bones, nerves, muscles, teeth and soft tissues of the jaws and face, causing abnormal changes in them and then forming malocclusion. The factors that contribute to the development of malocclusion are generally of two types: genetic and acquired factors. Genetic factors are mainly racial evolution and degeneration, and genetic factors account for about 30%. Acquired factors are the following: 1. Early loss of milk teeth: there will be insufficient space and produce crowding and misalignment. Loss of guide eruption, misalignment and inability to erupt when permanent teeth erupt. 2, bad habits: most of them are finger-sucking habits, tongue-spitting habits, lip-biting habits, biting habits, jaw-extending habits, bad swallowing habits, side-chewing habits, etc., which can cause a variety of misalignment. 3, multiple teeth: multiple teeth can cause the morphological and kinetic disorders of the teeth and jaw system, and multiple teeth between the central incisors can lead to the formation of the central incisors gap, etc. 4, congenitally missing teeth: mostly for developmental and embryonic reasons, and the missing third molars are mostly degenerative phenomena occurring in the germline. 5.Milk teeth retention: individual teeth are overdue for milk teeth retention, which can lead to the eruption of secondary permanent teeth is blocked and buried, or misaligned eruption. 6.Insufficient wear of milk cusp teeth: Because children eat too soft food, some milk cusp teeth do not wear as much as other teeth, so they are higher than the tooth surface of the dental arch, resulting in early contact, causing anterior or lateral movement, forming anti-jaw. 7, In addition, there are many systemic factors and local disease factors: such as infectious diseases, malnutrition, endocrine factors, vitamin deficiency, cleft lip and palate, benign hypertrophy of the mandibular condyle, facial hypertrophy, etc. Many children’s parents or adults do not pay much attention to the uneven teeth, most cases are allowed to develop naturally, in fact, this approach is wrong, because the uneven teeth is not only affect the face of the person, more is the physical and mental harm. First, seriously affect the normal functioning of the oral cavity mainly on our chewing, pronunciation, swallowing, whistling function. Second, seriously affect the health of periodontal tissues and oral hygiene Dental misalignment, especially tooth crowding, on the one hand, so that oral plaque is easy to attach, on the other hand, because the toothbrush is difficult to contact and not easy to clean, so periodontal tissues, such as gums, alveolar bone is very easy to produce inflammation, gum swelling, bleeding, oral odor and other symptoms, over time, if the serious involvement of the alveolar bone, the teeth can appear loose, thus causing serious consequences. Third, seriously affect the facial growth and development teeth play an extremely important role in the process of facial growth and development, commonly speaking, the normal development and alignment of teeth, the normal growth of the jaw and facial height, depth and width has a role similar to the “bracket”. Fourth, the serious impact on psychological health psychologists pointed out that the teeth are not aligned, teeth misshapen patients in the long-term in the environment of being ridiculed, ridiculed will have a serious impact on their growth. If not corrected in time, they will also grow up with a heavy mental burden, so that they will encounter obstacles in marriage, socialization, work and career choice. Fifth, seriously affect our facial image beauty This many friends are also deeply felt, if a beautiful face when smiling to reveal the uneven teeth, this time is certainly a serious brake on the landscape, will certainly be our beauty minus points. The danger of uneven teeth not only has a great negative effect on the physical and mental health of teenagers, even adults with uneven teeth can also affect social interaction and so on. The main impact of uneven teeth: 1, affect the health of the oral cavity, crowded teeth can not be self-cleaning, plaque calculus accumulation, causing caries and periodontal inflammation of the gums; at the same time, the misalignment of teeth, bite abnormalities can also cause periodontal damage; sparse teeth are easy to occur food embedding and harm the health of the gums and periodontal. 2, affect the appearance, all kinds of misshapen jaws, all to varying degrees affect the appearance of appearance, which is the direct reason why many patients require orthodontic treatment. Such as open lips and teeth, double jaw protrusion, long face or short face deformity, etc. 3, affect the jaw development: in the process of growth and development of children, many bad habits caused by malocclusion will affect the normal development of the soft and hard tissues of the teeth and jaws. For example, the anterior teeth are antimandibular, commonly known as “Diastasis”, which is a malformation of the lower front teeth located on the labial side of the upper front teeth, which will restrict the development of the maxilla, while the mandible will develop excessively forward due to the lack of normal coordination, thus forming a sunken middle face and excessive protrusion of the mandible deformity. Therefore, for the anterior retrusion that affects the development of the upper and lower jaws, it should be corrected as early as possible to avoid further aggravation of the jaw deformity. 4, affect the oral function: serious malocclusion can affect the normal function of the oral cavity, such as the front teeth open jaw (i.e., the upper and lower front teeth can not bite together) resulting in abnormal pronunciation, the back teeth lock jaw affect the chewing function, severe mandibular protrusion resulting in abnormal swallowing, severe recession of the lower jaw affects the whistling function. 5, affect the psychological health, dental malocclusion seriously affect the growth and development of children and psychological disorders. Data show that the proportion of psychological disorders increases among adolescents with malocclusion. Do not like to talk, no self-confidence. Expression Crowded teeth Crowded teeth, canine protrusion (tiger teeth) arch and tooth size can not match, not enough space resulting in overlapping teeth crowded state, the lower jaw with the second molars erupted the latest and crowded to the lingual side. When the teeth are too small and the arch is too large, it will cause the teeth to be arranged thinly and have gaps. Buck teeth Buck teeth can be divided into dental and skeletal buck teeth, and most of them can be treated by traditional orthodontics. For severe buck teeth, oral surgery is required to achieve the ideal appearance and bite function. If the upper and lower front teeth cannot bite together, it will lead to the inability of the upper and lower incisors to cut and bite food, leakage of speech and spitting, and inability to close the mouth. The anticuspid, also known as the anticuspid, is the bite of the front teeth of the lower jaw to the outside of the front teeth of the upper jaw, commonly referred to as the envelope, in addition to aesthetic problems, will cause chewing, pronunciation and other functional impairment. In case of bony jaw abnormalities, orthognathic surgery is often required for treatment. Treatment Invisible orthodontic treatment Invisible orthodontic treatment without brackets and wires, using a series of invisible aligners, by applying appropriate, controlled force on the teeth to gradually shift the teeth, and ultimately achieve the desired orthodontic effect. Its transparent, self-removing feature allows the orthodontic process to be completed almost unnoticed by bystanders, without interfering with daily life and social interaction. It is suitable for relatively simple orthodontics and the treatment cost is relatively high. Orthognathic Surgical Orthodontics This method is designed to improve the malocclusion by moving the teeth a greater distance. It is more suitable for adults with severe dentofacial deformities such as receding upper jaw and protruding lower jaw after bone healing, followed by conventional orthodontics to adjust the bite. Digital crown treatment Digital crown technology, a popular new cosmetic dentistry method in Europe, America, Japan and Korea, can quickly correct dental misalignment. It adopts the new technology of digital positioning technology, American painless technology and other international advanced dental technology and concepts, with the advantages of beautiful teeth without extraction, no pain, short time, strong teeth, and no black lines on teeth after many years, so as to achieve a lasting guarantee of beautiful teeth. Brackets Brackets are devices made of metal or ceramic that are fixed to the tooth surface with a special adhesive to hold and fix orthodontic wires and transmit orthodontic forces to the teeth in orthodontic treatment, thus achieving the purpose of orthodontic treatment. It is also the longest and most commonly used orthodontic method in clinical use at home and abroad. Orthodontic appliances are further divided into: metal brackets, ceramic brackets, self-locking metal brackets, self-locking ceramic brackets, and lingual brackets. Orthodontic misconceptions Myth 1: Orthodontic treatment will cause loose teeth Orthodontic treatment is to induce tooth movement through light force, is a slow biological alteration process, the teeth are moved on one side of the alveolar bone resorption, the other side of the alveolar bone new reconstruction, and finally make the orthodontic teeth repositioned long and stable. The teeth will grow and develop normally and perform the normal oral chewing function, so that food can be fully chewed and facilitate the digestion and absorption of food. The teeth are aligned, easy to keep the mouth clean, reduce oral trauma, and ensure healthy development of periodontal tissues. The course of orthodontic treatment varies depending on the severity of the malocclusion and the patient’s cooperation, and is generally 1.5 – 2.5 years. Patients will initially experience mild discomfort in the mouth and slight soreness of individual teeth after wearing the orthodontic appliance, which will gradually disappear after a week and quickly adapt. Throughout the orthodontic process, there will be a slight loosening of the teeth, which is a temporary and curative phenomenon, and once the orthodontic treatment is over and the fixation phase is over, the teeth will no longer be loose. In addition, the orthodontic process requires the patient’s close cooperation, follow the doctor’s instructions, punctual follow-up, avoid eating too hard food to avoid damage to the aligner, keep the mouth clean, so as to achieve the best orthodontic effect in the shortest possible time. Misconception 2: Orthodontic treatment of dental malocclusion is mainly for the sake of aesthetic appearance From the physiological point of view, dental malocclusion will affect the cleanliness of the oral cavity, and thus is prone to oral diseases such as dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Domestic and international studies have revealed that the causative agents of oral diseases are associated with endocarditis, bacterial infections, nephritis, arthritis and gastritis; the percentage of premature births among pregnant women with gingivitis is higher than that of pregnant women in general. Teeth are internal organs that convey brain stimulation; tooth loss not only affects digestion and absorption, but also increases the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease due to a significant reduction in brain stimulation, which in turn affects brain cell vitality and leads to memory loss. From the psychological point of view, the misalignment of teeth seriously affects the aesthetic appearance and directly affects the psychological health of patients. Therefore, orthodontic treatment is not only for aesthetic appearance. Myth 3: The time for orthodontic treatment can only be between 11-13 years old Clinically, the best time to choose orthodontic treatment is to end the replacement of milk teeth, the early eruption of permanent teeth as a sign, generally between 11 – 13 years old for the best time to correct. Because most of the permanent teeth have erupted in the mouth, the development of the dental arch has been basically completed, so the development of dental malocclusion has also been basically set; at the same time, the child’s jaw and facial development at this age is still in a rapid period of growth and development, and orthodontic treatment still needs to take advantage of the growth and development potential of the jaw and face, so that the efficiency of tooth movement and alveolar bone reconstruction to achieve the best level; also, at this time the child’s psychological development is becoming more mature, and To a certain extent, they still have the motivation to actively request orthodontic treatment. However, some orthodontic treatment should be performed at the tooth replacement stage, before the permanent teeth are formed, so as not to affect the development of facial shape, such as the misalignment of teeth caused by bad oral habits, anterior teeth retrusion, severe maxillary protrusion and multiple teeth in the dental arch. As the leading system of the clinical school, the square arch orthodontic technique provides a comprehensive treatment for malocclusion and can meet the orthodontic needs of patients of all ages.