Today we will discuss anal health care for infants and children. Some people think that infants and children do not get anal diseases, but this is not true. All infants and children can suffer from anal diseases from the time they are born, such as congenital anal atresia (no anus), congenital anal displacement, congenital anal stenosis, congenital anal-vaginal fistula, and rectourethral fistula. At the same time, because of the underdeveloped brain inhibition in infants, the anal sphincter and anal raphe are weak, and there is an increase in the number of stools and sometimes fecal incontinence, so the anal disease in infants and children should also be taken seriously. 1, the characteristics of infant and child anus disease ( 1) can occur anal deformity When infants land people are most concerned about gender, in the hustle and bustle often neglected whether the anus is normal. According to statistics, the anal malformation of newborns is about 2 in 10,000. Therefore, parents should not forget to observe whether the baby has an anus, whether the anus is normal, whether the anus is small, and whether there is an anal fistula. If the infant does not have stool for a long time and has symptoms such as abdominal distension, the infant should go to the hospital for examination in time because if the rectum is narrowed or atretic, although the anus is normal, the stool cannot be discharged from the anus through the rectum and obstruction occurs, which can endanger the infant’s life if not treated in time. ( 2) Easy to form abscess due to the incomplete development of the infant’s organism and low resistance, the anus can easily cause infection. Because infants cannot speak, the infection is not easily detected at the beginning and cannot be treated in time, until parents find that an abscess has been formed. Therefore, infants should change their diapers and wash their anus regularly, and pay attention to any abnormalities in the anus frequently. ( 3) Easy diarrhea causes prolapse Infants and children with indigestion, cold or intestinal infection can cause diarrhea, which is a frequent occurrence. Since the development of the anorectal tissue of children is not complete, if diarrhea does not heal for a long time or has repeated attacks, it can cause rectal prolapse by detaching the rectum from the surrounding tissue. So when diarrhea occurs in children should be treated promptly. 2, infants and children common anorectal disease ( 1) congenital infantile anorectal disease Causes: scientists have studied, found that the fetus in the mother’s womb only 8 cm. The fetus’ rectum and bladder are connected to each other, and this place of communication is called “anal cavity”. When the fetus reaches the 7th week of life, the anal cavity is divided into two parts, the front part develops into the genitourinary system (bladder, urethra, vagina) and the back part extends towards the perineum to form the rectum. From this point on, the rectum and bladder become two separate, unconnected organs. The anal membrane disappears during the 9th week of embryonic life, and the anus gradually forms. The anorectal malformation can occur during the 9th week of embryonic life when the development of the embryo is abnormal or aborted for a variety of reasons. Classification: Type I: Anal or rectal stenosis. The anus and rectum are intact and connected, but the lower end of the anus or rectum is narrowed and the diameter of the tube is thinner than that of a normal infant, making the passage of feces difficult. Type II: Anal membranous atresia. The rectum is normal, but there is a depression in the anus and a membranous septum between the anus and the rectum, causing the anus and rectum to be incompatible and the stool cannot be passed. Type 3: Anorectal atresia. There is a considerable distance between the lower part of the rectum and the anal skin depression, and it cannot be defecated and exhausted. This deformity is the most common, accounting for about half of the entire rectal congenital malformations. Type IV: Atresia of the lower rectum. These newborns have normal anal shape, the anus exists, the anus and anal sphincter are normal, but there is an interval of different distances between the anus and the rectum, and because this interval is high and the anal surface is basically normal, this type is often overlooked. Congenital anorectal malformations can be accompanied by fistulae, which in male infants are mostly seen as recto-vesical fistula, recto-urethral fistula, recto-perineal fistula; in female infants are mostly recto-vaginal fistula, etc. When these fistulas are present, they are often overlooked and are only noticed when feces or urine is found cloudy in the urine. These lesions can easily cause cystitis or pyelonephritis. (2) Non-congenital infantile anorectal diseases These diseases are usually easy to detect if parents are careful. The main ones are pediatric perianal abscess, pediatric rectal prolapse, pediatric rectal polyps, and pediatric anal parasites. 3, how to carry out children’s anal health care ( 1) pay attention to local cleanliness and dryness Infants’ nerve and muscle function is not yet sound, poor control of stool, there is a bowel movement, so the number of bowel movements. Some are eating and defecating at the same time, and even the number of bowel movements exceeds the number of meals, and are often dilute stools, which is a unique form of defecation for breastfeeding children, so there is no need to worry. Because of the high number of bowel movements and often thin stools, if diaper changes are not timely, it is easy to cause anal skin flushing, ulceration, infection, etc., commonly known as “red buttocks”. To keep the baby’s anus healthy, diapers must be changed at all times. Also, wash the anus with warm water or warm salt water after defecation. The diapers should be washed with boiling water and exposed to the sun. When red bottom occurs, put on some prickly heat powder after washing and wrap it with a soft dry diaper. ( 2) Establish good bowel habits Children sometimes can not control their bowel movements and contaminate their clothes and pants, which is an unavoidable phenomenon, parents should not blame too much, so as not to increase their mental burden. A few children have the habit of sitting on the spittoon and reading books or playing, which is not good for anal health, and parents should help them change this habit. Children with diarrhea can have a feeling of urgency in the anus, they may think that the stool is not clean and sit on the potty and do not want to get up, which can easily cause anal disease. When this happens, you must try to call your child up and wash them with warm water and use hot towels on their anus to help them overcome the feeling of falling. At the same time, it is important to treat pediatric diarrhea promptly. If you find that your child is crying when he or she has a bowel movement, or if he or she is pushing very hard or even holding his or her face red, you should find out the cause and deal with it in a timely manner. ( 3) to pay attention to the potty hygiene children mostly sit on the potty stool, such as the potty edge broken will rub the skin, the potty is not clean can cause bacterial infection. Collective common potty can also infect each other with diseases, so the potty hygiene to draw attention to people. In addition, most children wear crotch pants, children often sit on the floor, often infections and trauma, should also help them to change the habit of sitting on the floor.