Lumbar disc herniation is one of the common clinical diseases, the main symptom is back and leg pain, which seriously affects people’s quality of life. Most patients with severe disc herniation achieve satisfactory results after surgical treatment, i.e. minimally invasive (discoscopy or channeloscopy) or open surgery, with an excellent rate of more than 95%. Some patients have similar symptoms of back and leg pain several years after surgery and show anxiety, worrying whether the herniated disc has recurred. What should be done? Should it be conservative treatment or surgery? According to the relevant literature, the recurrence rate of traditional intervertebral disc surgery is 3%-6%. I believe, based on clinical experience and postoperative follow-up, that the causes of recurrence after herniated disc surgery are not only related to the patient’s body type, living habits and work nature, but also related to the surgeon’s surgical skills, the choice of surgical method, the postoperative instructions to the patient to regularly The recurrence rate in our hospital is less than 2% through follow-up. Diagnosis of recurrence: If the patient has symptoms similar to the preoperative lumbar pain after surgery, there is no need to panic and do not treat blindly! You should go to a local hospital for a regular consultation, have a physical examination (face-to-face examination by a doctor), and take a frontal and lateral position plus a power position film of the lumbar spine to find out whether there are abnormalities and instability of the bony structure of the lumbar spine? MRI of the lumbar spine to find out whether there is a new herniated disc nucleus pulposus or spinal stenosis or nerve root canal stenosis? The above physical examination and examination can basically clarify whether it is a recurrence of disc herniation! Most of the patients suspected of recurrence clinically have residual symptoms after surgery or some symptoms after exertion, and the symptoms improve or disappear with conservative treatment, while the true rate of recurrence is still very low! Recurrence prevention: A part of surgeons attach importance to intraoperative removal and do a good job in surgery, but neglect postoperative lower limb exercise and exercise of lumbar back muscles, and do not patiently explain to patients in detail the importance and long-term nature of such exercise after surgery! Patients should be made to understand that surgery for lumbar disc herniation solves the problem of lower limb pain, while the main cause of disc herniation is insufficient strength of the lumbar muscles, instability of the lumbar spine, degeneration of the intervertebral disc leading to protrusion of the nucleus pulposus from the spinal canal and compression of the nerve causing lumbar and leg pain! Therefore, I hope that the majority of patients must pay attention to and adhere to the postoperative exercise to reduce and avoid recurrence after surgery! Once the diagnosis of recurrence of disc herniation is confirmed and conservative treatment is not effective for 3-4 weeks, surgery should be chosen! The difficulty and technical requirements of surgery again are higher than the first time, generally not suitable for “minimally invasive surgery”, according to the patient’s age and degeneration, can choose non-fusion surgery (young and middle-aged) or fusion surgery (middle-aged and elderly).