Peritoneal effusion is a manifestation of a variety of diseases and is usually classified into three main categories: leaky, exudative, and hemorrhagic, according to the nature and characteristics of peritoneal effusion. The common etiologies of leaky peritoneal effusion are hepatogenic, cardiogenic, venous obstruction, nephrogenic, nutritional deficiency, and celiac disease. The common etiologies of exudative peritoneal fluid include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, secondary peritonitis, tuberculous peritonitis, biliary, celiac, medical, and fungal peritonitis. Common causes of hemorrhagic peritoneal effusion include acute portal vein thrombosis, ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma nodules, liver trauma (rupture), ruptured hepatic aneurysm, ectopic pregnancy, etc.