Insufficient breast milk problem Normal breastfeeding mothers lactation volume per day within 6 months after delivery with the baby’s age increases gradually, the average mature milk volume of up to 700 a 1000 m1 per day. Insufficient breastmilk intake of infants can appear the following manifestations: 1, insufficient weight gain, growth curve flat or even decline, especially in the newborn period of the weight gain of less than 600g; 2, urine less than 6 times a day; 3, sucking can not be smelled and the sound of swallowing; 4, after each breastfeeding often cry and can not sleep quietly, or sleep time is less than 1h (except for the newborn). 4.Crying after each breastfeeding and unable to sleep quietly, or sleep time is less than 1h (except for newborns). Countermeasures: If the growth of the infant is really affected by insufficient milk, the mother should be advised not to give up breastfeeding so easily, and can supplement the insufficient breastmilk with formula milk after each breastfeeding. Nipple inversion or saddle cleft 1, nipple inversion need to do simple prenatal or postnatal nipple care, daily scrubbing with water (avoid using soap or alcohol and so on), squeezing, pinching the nipple, can also be used to correct nipple inversion nipple orthodontic device. Mothers should learn “breast feeding” instead of “nipple feeding”, most babies can still suckle from flat or inverted nipples. 2, to prevent nipple saddle cracks and infections: each time after breastfeeding can be squeezed out a small amount of milk evenly coated on the nipple, milk rich in proteins and antibacterial substances on the nipple epidermis has a protective effect. Milk overflow problem Reason: small infants have small stomach capacity, horizontal position, and have the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the digestive tract such as the relaxation of the gonadal sphincter and the better development of the pyloric sphincter, which makes small infants within 6 months of age often experience milk overflow. Or improper feeding methods lead to swallowing too much gas or overfeeding can also occur. Relief methods: after feeding the baby’s head on the mother’s shoulder to hold upright, patting the back, can help expel swallowed air and prevent overflow. The baby should sleep on the right side of the bed to prevent suffocation due to milk overflow during sleep. If the symptoms of milk overflow do not improve after instruction, or the baby has poor weight gain, the baby should be referred to the doctor in time. Breast milk gangrene refers to gangrene that occurs 2 weeks after birth in healthy term or nearly term infants who are exclusively breastfed. Infants with breastmilk gangrene usually have good physical growth without any clinical symptoms and do not require treatment; the gangrene may subside naturally and breastfeeding should be continued. If the gangrene is obvious and involves the limbs and the hearts of the hands and feet, timely medical attention should be sought. If the serum bilirubin level is more than 15-20mg/ml and there is no other pathology, it is recommended to stop breastfeeding for 3 days and resume breastfeeding after the gangrene subsides. During the period of breastfeeding cessation, the mother should express milk regularly to maintain lactation, and the infant can be temporarily fed with formula milk instead. When breastfeeding is resumed, the gangrene may recur but not to the same extent. Conditions in which breastfeeding is contraindicated Breastfeeding is contraindicated when the mother is undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, has active tuberculosis that has not been effectively treated, has hepatitis B and the newborn was born without hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin, is infected with HIV, has a lumpy breast, or is a drug addict. If the mother is suffering from other infectious diseases or taking medication, she should consult a doctor and decide whether breastfeeding is possible depending on the situation.