Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as reflux esophagitis. GERD refers to a variety of clinical signs caused by the reflux of gastric and 12-finger intestinal contents into the esophagus. GERD can present as any combination of symptoms, signs (anatomical abnormalities), endoscopic, radiological, and pathophysiologic changes. Mild GERD is a common condition and normal individuals can have had some brief reflux episodes after a meal or in a self-standing position, whereas in individuals with reflux-induced symptoms or pathological changes, reflux episodes are more frequent, last longer, and often occur at night; severe GERD can be life-threatening. The effect of reflux on the body Gastroesophageal reflux will cause esophageal edema, erythema, ulcer, stricture, Barrett’s esophagus (a pre-cancerous lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma), and gastroesophageal reflux disease may also cause pulmonary aspiration of reflux material and cause pulmonary lesions such as reflux pneumonia. Treatment 1.Medical (non-surgical) treatment Most patients with mild reflux and some moderate reflux can be treated with some simple treatments, such as stopping smoking and drinking, elevating the head of the bed, low-fat diet, etc. 2.Surgical treatment If adequate sequential medical treatment for more than 6 months is ineffective and there is objective evidence of reflux, surgical treatment should be performed in order to prevent deterioration of esophageal lesions caused by long-term reflux. Surgical treatment should also be considered for patients who require long-term medical therapy for maintenance. Surgical objectives: to reduce gastroesophageal reflux, to promote healing of peptic esophagitis, and even to allow recovery of peptic strictures. The procedure is performed by encircling the lower esophagus with a segment of the fundus muscle in order to restore the function of the esophageal dilator muscle. There are two types of surgery: the fully enhanced Nissen fundoplication and the partially enhanced Hill-Belsey repair. Laparoscopic fundoplication is less invasive, has almost no intraoperative bleeding, does not interfere with postoperative feeding, has a short postoperative hospital stay (usually 2 to 3 days), and has surgical results comparable to those of traditional open surgery. Therefore, laparoscopic fundoplication has become an additional alternative treatment for patients who have failed medical treatment or require long-term medical treatment.