The operation steps of thoracic drainage are as follows. I. Select the appropriate localization point and position. Pneumothorax patients are placed in a semi-recumbent position, and the midline of the second intercostal clavicle on the affected side is taken as the localization point. Patients with pleural effusion are probed by ultrasound to select the appropriate localization point. The skin at the selected localization point is disinfected and toweled, then local anesthesia is applied at the localization point with lidocaine, the skin at the localization point is cut, the soft tissue of chest wall is bluntly separated into the chest cavity, a drainage tube is placed into the chest cavity about 8 cm, or a puncture tube is placed into the chest cavity about 12 cm, and then a drainage bottle is connected and the chest tube is adjusted until gas or fluid is induced. Third, fix the drainage tube and cover it with local external dressing.