Definition and diagnosis of pediatric cerebral palsy.
1. Definition of cerebral palsy.
The term cerebral palsy has been used for only a hundred years, but the description of the disease has been around for a long time, and the definition of it has been gradually unified with the continuous understanding of the disease. Cerebral palsy is a movement disorder and postural abnormality caused by brain damage or developmental defects from before birth to one month after birth. These postural abnormalities and dyskinesias are constantly changing as the child grows and develops. Central motor disorders due to progressive diseases and temporary delay in motor development in normal children must be excluded.
The core of the concept of pediatric cerebral palsy is based on three elements, namely, brain injury during development, non-progressive movement disorders, and permanent postural abnormalities and abnormal movement patterns. There are also two conditions, namely motor developmental delay and abnormal postural reflexes with abnormal motor patterns.
By motor impairment is meant.
Children with cerebral palsy have lower motor ability than normal children of the same age and poor motor self-control. In mild cases, the movement of the hands and feet may appear slightly inflexible or clumsy. In severe cases, the child cannot grasp things with both hands. They have difficulty in holding their heads up, turning over, sitting up, crawling, standing, walking, chewing and swallowing normally, etc.
The so-called abnormal posture refers to.
Children with cerebral palsy have abnormal body posture, poor stability, twisted posture during movement or at rest, asymmetry between the left and right sides, clenched fists, internal rotation and abduction of both upper limbs, inward and crossed lower limbs, and more and more severe tension.
2. Diagnostic points of cerebral palsy.
Diagnostic criteria of pediatric cerebral palsy (Revised by the National Symposium on Pediatric Cerebral Palsy in October 2004).
Definition: Movement disorders and postural abnormalities caused by brain injury or developmental defects from various causes before birth to 1 month after birth.
Diagnostic conditions.
(1) The brain injury causing cerebral palsy is non-progressive
(2) The lesion causing the movement disorder is located in the brain.
(3) The symptoms appear in infancy.
(4) Sometimes combined with mental retardation, d-epilepsy, perceptual disorders and other abnormalities.
(5) Excluding central motor disorders due to progressive diseases and temporary delay in motor development in normal children.
New subtypes of pediatric cerebral palsy.
(1) Spastic type: The cone system is mainly damaged.
(2) Irregular movement type: The main cause is damage to the extrapyramidal system, with increased irregular movements, such as tardive dyskinesia, choreiform movements, dystonia and tremor.
(3) Ataxia: the cerebellum is mainly damaged.
(4) Hypotonic type: often a transitional form of other types.
(5) Mixed type.
The type of paralysis is divided by the site of paralysis.
(1) Monoplegia: a single limb is involved.
(2) Diplegia: involvement of all four limbs, with the upper limb light and the lower limb heavy.
(3) Triple palsy: three limbs are involved.
(4) Hemiplegia: half limb involvement.
(5) Quadriplegia: upper and lower extremities are involved to a similar degree.