Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), once called mycosis fungoides, is one of the most common inflammatory conditions of the vulva and vagina in women, and its incidence has been increasing significantly in recent years around the world. The prevalence in the United States is as high as 39%. It affects a wide range of ages, with 18-44 years being the susceptible age group. 75% of women are infected at least once in their lifetime, and 5% of patients can have recurrent episodes. The pathogen (a budding yeast of the fungal yeast family) is Pseudomonas albicans in 80-90% of cases. It causes painful clinical symptoms such as vulvovaginal congestion, edema and erosion in severe cases due to clinically significant vulvovaginal itching, large amount of vaginal discharge, which brings painful life and work disturbances to the affected women. It is not difficult to diagnose, but there are still many confusions and misunderstandings in the treatment, which need to draw the attention of doctors and patients. The normal vaginal flora is disordered by artificial means: the normal microflora (normal flora) is interdependent with the host, between microorganisms, and between microorganisms and the host and the external environment, forming a microscopic ecological equilibrium, and the normal vaginal flora is an important defense against vaginal infection. Lactobacillus – the most important beneficial bacteria in the normal vaginal flora – has a protective effect against infection. Lactic acid is an important substance for maintaining the acidic environment of the vagina, and the acidification produced by the growth of Lactobacillus inhibits the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria such as Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Gardnerella. Therefore, the presence of Lactobacillus and the maintenance of a normal acidic vaginal environment are the basis for maintaining a healthy vagina and the balance of the flora, but a decrease in lactic acid, an increase in vaginal pH, an inhibition of Lactobacillus, an imbalance of the vaginal flora and a disruption of the local micro-ecological balance will lead to a recurrence of VVC. Therefore, routine vaginal douching is not recommended. If the vaginal discharge is too much, acidic lotion can be used to remove the vaginal discharge if necessary. Some patients with vaginal inflammation do not go to the hospital for a clear diagnosis and use medication on their own, resulting in incorrect treatment. 2.Irrational use of antifungal drugs:The treatment course is too short and the compliance of medication is poor —- resulting in incomplete treatment. After topical antifungal treatment, although it can reduce the number of yeast in the vagina and reduce the symptoms of signs and inflammation, the yeast is not completely eradicated from the vagina. When the host environment allows, the number of host organisms will increase and form mycelia and cause new episodes. 3. The norms of diagnosis and treatment are not yet well recognized and implemented: the first attack or the first visit is a critical period for standardized treatment. The choice of drugs should be precise, fast-acting, rapid symptom relief, efficacy, safety and compliance, effective prevention of recurrence, no effect on vaginal flora, and broad-spectrum antifungal drugs; consolidate treatment for one course after the next menstrual period if the fungal test is negative after treatment. Those who are fungal negative after 3 consecutive menstrual periods are considered cured. For recurrent VVC: treatment principles include intensive treatment and consolidation treatment. Drugs are selected according to the culture of secretions and drug sensitivity test. After intensive treatment to achieve fungal cure, consolidation therapy is given until six months. 4, do not pay attention to the causative treatment: remove the causative factors in order to effectively treat VVC: such as controlling blood sugar, strictly grasp the principles of antibiotic application, and develop good local hygiene habits. Tight, non-breathable clothing, nylon pants, pantyhose, the use of tampons during menstruation and other related to repeated VVC episodes. , episodes after swimming are related to chlorine in the pool water. 5. Avoid sexual intercourse during the acute period: it is not necessary to treat sexual partners routinely, but it is recommended to treat sexual partners with clinical symptoms or positive pathogenic tests at the same time. Second, what about VVC during pregnancy? VVC is a common complication of pregnancy with a prevalence of about 15%, which can lead to neonatal infection in severe cases, and should be treated early if necessary. Clinical studies have confirmed that the most effective drugs that can be used for VVC treatment during pregnancy are: miconazole and clotrimazole! For women in pregnancy, it is prudent to weigh the pros and cons of using drugs during early pregnancy. Vaginal medications such as clotrimazole vaginal tablets, which are not harmful to the fetus, can be used instead of oral antifungal medications. If abortion is performed, treatment should be given before and after the operation. Pay attention to the follow-up visit Pay attention to the follow-up visit after treatment. VVC should be followed up 7~14d after the end of treatment and after the next menstruation, and three times negative fungal examination of vaginal secretion is considered as cure. For recurrent VVC, one follow-up visit should be made 7-14 d, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the end of treatment (usually after menstruation).