Soybeans and their products are rich in isoflavones, phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens are structurally similar to natural estrogens in the human body and have estrogen-like effects when ingested by the body. Therefore, the previous view was that men should drink less soy milk, and that the estrogen in soy milk can cause men to develop characteristics such as breast development, feminization of body hair distribution, and even the possibility of affecting sperm quality. It is now believed that men should also consume more soy products, as the phytoestrogens in soy foods are beneficial to the health of both sexes. The isoflavones in legumes can effectively reduce blood cholesterol and LDL concentration and increase HDL concentration, thus preventing cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Secondly, soy foods are also rich in vegetable protein and soluble fiber, which can prevent the occurrence of colon cancer. The estrogen content of soy in daily consumption does not cause feminization changes or testicular atrophy in men. Due to the cancer-preventive effects of phytoestrogens, more consumption of soy foods can also protect men’s prostate gland and reduce the risk of prostate cancer in men. Decreased semen quality and sexual dysfunction are the main factors that cause decreased male fertility. Improving male fertility is not only about improving semen parameters, but sexual function is equally important. Long-term intake of soy and its products is an independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction in men, with the risk of erectile dysfunction nearly four times higher in men who regularly consume soy and its products than in men who do not. The results of animal experiments showed that soy flavonoids can cause changes in the tissue structure of the cavernous body of the male rat penis, with a decrease in smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers in the cavernous body and a breakage and thinning of elastic fiber bundles. Therefore, long-term intake of soy flavonoids can significantly weaken the erectile function of the rat penis. The pressure of modern society has delayed the reproductive age of many men, and with the implementation of China’s “comprehensive two-child” policy, there are more and more men with fertility needs, and the proportion of infertile people is also increasing. The role of soy isoflavones phytoestrogens in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, tumors, osteoporosis and a range of other chronic diseases has been well recognized, but the impact of soy foods on male erectile function still needs attention. Men should strive to improve their fertility while also ensuring the quality of their sex life. Men with fertility requirements may need to consume soy foods in moderation.