Mechanisms of Ovulation During ovulation, the oocyte is surrounded by granulosa cells to form an oocyte mound and is surrounded by a zona pellucida formed by a layer of non-cellular components (glycoproteins) that separates the oocyte from the oocyte mound. The granulosa cells are metabolically exchanged with the oocyte through the gap between the oocyte membrane and the oocyte mound. the oocyte undergoes a second maturation division at the peak of LH and the mound cells are detached from the oocyte prior to ovulation to facilitate ovulation. The mechanism of egg pick-up depends mainly on the contraction of the smooth muscle of the fallopian tube tract to move the umbilical end of the fallopian tube towards the site of ovulation. At the same time, the smooth muscles of the fallopian tube umbilicus contract, causing the umbilicus to unfold. At this time, the intrinsic ligament of the ovary contracts and the ovary slowly rotates back and forth along its longitudinal axis, causing the open umbrella to adhere to the surface of the ovary. Then, through the negative pressure generated by the contraction of the myometrium of the fallopian tube and the powerful synchronous oscillation of the cilia at the umbilical end of the fallopian tube toward the ventral opening of the fallopian tube, the egg and its surrounding oocytes detach together from the follicle and flow with the follicular fluid to the mouth of the fallopian tube. The newly discharged egg has a strong adhesive surface and can adhere to the cilia at the umbilical end and move with the oscillation of the cilia towards the oviductal opening and into the oviduct, which is known as the “sweeping effect”. The speed of this movement depends mainly on the mucosal ciliary activity of the fallopian tube and the peristaltic and segmental contractions of the fallopian tube. Most scholars believe that the latter is the main effect of ciliary movement and muscle contraction. If a woman with one fallopian tube and the opposite ovary removed can still have a pregnancy, it means that the contraction of the fallopian tube muscle allows the umbilical part to capture the egg from the rectal fossa of the uterus or the abdominal cavity, and the egg can still enter the fallopian tube in women with ciliary immobility syndrome. Pregnancy can also occur in women after tubal cystostomy recanalization, indicating that the umbilical end plays an important but not the only factor in the process of egg retrieval. If an animal is partially anastomosed with a reversal of the fallopian tube, the transport of the egg is blocked, indicating the importance of the cilia for the positive movement of the egg. Clinically, if the isthmus-potbelly, part of the isthmus, and the uterus-tubal junction are removed, followed by tuboplasty, all may be normal for fertility, indicating that the above segments are not indispensable for normal conception. In contrast, when the mucosa of the umbilical end of the fallopian tube is completely destroyed due to other reasons or after sterilization of the umbilical end of the fallopian tube and then tuboplasty, the postoperative conception rate is extremely low, indicating that the umbilical part of the fallopian tube plays an extremely important role in egg collection and delivery.