Nephrogenic encephalopathy refers to acute or chronic renal diseases that lead to renal failure and finally to nitrogen retention leading to mental disorders. The onset is mainly due to chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis or small artery disease of the kidney, resulting in chronic renal failure, which may be associated with increased guanidine, phenols, urea, uric acid, and electrolyte metabolism disorders in the body. The main clinical manifestations are mental disorders, some may be neurasthenia syndrome, or depression, or disorders of consciousness, some manifest as drowsiness, delirium or coma, some hallucinations or delusional states, some may have mental retardation, some may have epileptic-like spastic seizures, neuritis, fluttering tremor, facial palsy, nystagmus, hearing loss, visual impairment, and meningeal irritation signs These manifestations. Treatment can be achieved by continuous blood perfusion to remove toxicity from the body, to improve the state of azotemia in the body, to promote the excretion of macromolecular toxins, and finally to achieve relief of symptoms.