Mitral stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency, aortic valve stenosis, tricuspid valve lesions, etc., which cause severe symptoms to the extent of heart valve replacement surgery. 1. Mitral stenosis: Mitral stenosis, if funnel-like changes, valve calcification, etc., will cause the patient to experience dyspnea, hemoptysis and coughing, dysphagia, chest pain and other symptoms. If there is severe or moderate mitral stenosis with complications such as atrial fibrillation, patients usually need heart valve replacement surgery. 2. Mitral valve insufficiency: Trauma causing mitral valve insufficiency often requires emergency surgery, depending on the degree of damage to the valve for mitral valve replacement surgery. Patients with severe mitral valve insufficiency or moderate mitral valve insufficiency with obvious symptoms of heart failure such as lower extremity edema often need valve replacement. 3. Aortic valve stenosis: When aortic valve stenosis is severe, the valve orifice area is <1.0cm², and heart valve replacement surgery is required. In addition, patients with aortic valve orifice maximal aortic flow velocity ≥4.5m/s or mean transvalvular pressure difference ≥50mmHg also require early valve replacement surgery. 4. Tricuspid valve lesions: Tricuspid valves are usually not recommended for valve replacement surgery in the clinic, but if calcification is severe, membrane replacement surgery is required. Valve replacement surgery should choose a regular hospital to avoid postoperative complications.