Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a bacterium that can cause gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis, and even gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymph-like tissue lymphoma, is causing concern. Statistics show that the rate of Hp infection in China is 40% to 90%, and the rate of Hp infection in children is 25% to 59%. Hp is a Gram-negative bacterium that cannot grow in atmospheric or absolutely anaerobic environments. Once people are infected, it increases the risk of ulcers; while eradicating Hp accelerates ulcer healing until the disease is cured. However, Hp infection is the main but not the only causative factor of peptic ulcers. In addition, Hp causes gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymph-like tissue lymphoma. Therefore, it was designated as a class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 1994. After a person is infected with Hp, the infection persists almost for life if left untreated. Humans are the only source of infection. As the epithelium of the gastric mucosa is renewed and shed quickly, the Hp residing on it must be shed and discharged from the feces through the gastrointestinal tract, contaminating food and water to spread the infection. The shed Hp can survive in gastric juice, enter the mouth through gastroesophageal reflux, remain in dental plaque, and spread the infection through saliva. In addition, the practice of mouth-to-mouth feeding of infants and young children in many parts of China can also lead to Hp infection; therefore, the transmission routes of Hp include fecal-oral, oral-oral and gastric-oral, and there are obvious family aggregations. To prevent Hp infection, it is important to pay attention to oral hygiene to prevent the disease from entering through the mouth. Hp can survive in tap water for 4-10 days, so do not drink raw water, eat cooked food instead of raw food, and drink milk after it has been sterilized. There is also a risk of spreading the disease by kissing a person with ulcer disease, so be vigilant. Hp-infected patients with peptic ulcers (gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer), chronic gastritis with gastric mucosal atrophy and erosion, or patients with early gastric cancer post-operative or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma need to be treated. At present, Hp infection is mainly treated with anti-Hp drugs, and Hp treatment is often combined with drugs, such as triple therapy or quadruple therapy, for 7 to 14 days. Whether triple or quadruple therapy contains drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion, and some antibiotics can only have a better anti-Hp effect when combined with acid-suppressing drugs, and for atrophic gastritis, short-term application will not have an effect. There are many reasons for ineffective treatment, such as excessive bacterial load; poor patient compliance, failure to take medication on time, missed medication; smoking, drinking alcohol; having taken acid suppressants within 2 weeks before treatment and bismuth and antibiotics within 4 weeks can make the efficacy of the treatment much less effective. To prevent reinfection, patients should also be reviewed in hospital at least 4 weeks after stopping antibiotics or bismuth, and at least 2 weeks after stopping acid suppressants. There are many methods of testing for Hp, divided into invasive and non-invasive. Invasive ones include bacterial culture, histological examination, rapid urease test, which requires taking tissue from the stomach for examination; non-invasive ones include 13C or 14C urea breath test, 15N urine ammonia excretion test, stool antigen test, serological diagnosis, molecular biology test, etc. Among them, 13C or 14C urea breath test adopts techniques such as isotope and mass spectrometry, which is accurate, specific and fast, and its sensitivity and specificity are around 95%. Moreover, it is painless and non-invasive for subjects of all ages. To do the breath test is to note that within a month can not take antibiotics or 1 week can not take antacid drugs, such as Tegramet, Lizudra, Loxac, etc.; the test should be fasting state. As the saying goes, stomach problems should be “treated in three parts and nourished in seven parts”. The most important thing is the diet, in the maintenance of chronic gastritis, to promote a mild diet. The so-called mild diet, to food non-irritating, low-fiber, easy to digest and adequate nutrition as the standard. Non-irritating means foods that do not promote gastric juice secretion or cause damage to the gastric mucosa, avoid coffee, alcohol and spicy condiments (chili, mustard, cloves, cardamom powder, black pepper). Low fiber: Most of the fiber comes from plant foods, which are not easily digested and absorbed by the body, such as the bran of cereals, the skin of fruits and the outer skin of seeds and beans should be avoided. When eating, food should be fully chewed and mixed completely with saliva. Easy to digest: In addition to choosing foods that are easy to digest, the cooking method is also important. Food that is steamed, boiled or stewed is easier to digest than fried. Adequate nutrition: The nutrients supplied must be sufficient, and a wide variety of foods should be chosen as much as possible. In addition, it is important to correct bad eating habits. Eat regularly and quantitatively, have small and frequent meals, keep a happy mood when eating, chew and swallow slowly.