History: Auntie Wang, female, 80 years old, with a history of diabetes for more than 10 years, did not have much impact on her daily life because her blood sugar was still under control, but her peaceful life was disrupted by an incident that happened by chance. The fourth toe of Wang’s right foot was accidentally touched, and in the following week, Wang’s fourth toe broke down, blackened and necrosed, and several hospitals had to amputate it after consultation, and it had to be amputated from the middle of the lower leg. The amputation of the lower limb was unacceptable to Auntie Wang, and she and her relatives said they would rather die than undergo amputation. The lower limb was treated with balloon sphincter, thus avoiding amputation above the middle of the lower leg. Interpretation: Due to long-term diabetes, the arteries of Wang’s lower limbs have become severely narrowed and occluded, thus compared to normal people, as the blood supply to Wang’s lower limbs is very poor, although only one toe is necrotic, but if only the necrotic toe is amputated may cause the wound not to heal, resulting in infection and even life-threatening. An important complication of advanced diabetes is diabetic lower extremity arteriopathy. Diabetic lower extremity arteriopathy is atherosclerosis that occurs on top of diabetes and causes ischemia in the distal tissues of the lower extremities. This ischemic change in the lower extremity can cause limb pain, foot ulcers and gangrene. As a serious complication of diabetes, the diabetic foot is highly disabling and lethal, with the ultimate outcome being ulceration, amputation and death. The reason why so many patients with lower extremity arterial lesions face amputation (toe) is because they cannot be diagnosed and treated early. Therefore, it is important for everyone to understand the clinical manifestations of lower extremity arterial lesions to be aware of them. In the early stage, we feel weakness in the lower leg after walking, muscle pain and soreness, and after a little rest, the soreness is relieved or disappears, but the pain will be aggravated after walking a certain distance again. This is the early manifestation of diabetic lower limb ischemia. When the lesion progresses, the distance of intermittent claudication becomes shorter and shorter until the pain occurs even at rest, which is called resting pain. The pain is mostly confined to the toes or distal foot, especially at night, and worsens when lying down, and is relieved when the lower extremity drops, which is the middle stage of the disease. In the late stage, severe ischemia of the lower extremity leads to ulceration or gangrene of the lower leg or toe of the foot. This stage faces amputation (toe). Recent studies have found that diabetic lower extremity arteriopathy occurs mostly in the small arteries of the lower leg, followed by the medium arteries above the s artery, such as the femoral artery and iliac artery, and is caused by multi-segmental lesions. The treatment of diabetic lower extremity arteriopathy mainly includes drug therapy, lower extremity hemodynamic reconstruction and amputation. Among them, pharmacological treatment is mainly used for patients with early and mild lesions and patients who cannot undergo lower extremity revascularization, and most of them have unsatisfactory results and need further treatment. Blood flow reconstruction mainly includes vascular bypass and interventional treatment. Interventional treatment is also called percutaneous transluminalangioplasty (PTA). In 1964, Dotter first used a coaxial catheter system to treat atherosclerosis-induced lower extremity arterial stenosis and to recanalize the blocked vessels, opening up a new field of interventional radiology. The basic principle is that a pressurized balloon compresses the atheromatous plaque, causing the plaque shell to rupture under pressure and expand the lumen, while the elastic fibers, collagen fibers and smooth muscle cells in the middle layer of the artery are overstretched and the lumen is enlarged. The purpose of improving blood circulation is thus achieved. After forty years of development, the maturity of PTA technology, especially the application of lower extremity balloons and stents, balloon dilation has become a safe and reliable treatment, said to be an effective treatment for diabetic patients with severe limb ischemia caused by lesions below the rouge artery to preserve the limb. Numerous studies have shown that diabetic lower extremity arterial lesions have a higher success rate for interposition therapy surgery, which can significantly relieve clinical symptoms and reduce the amputation plane to preserve the limb.