It is estimated that more than 80% of people have a history of low back pain in their lifetime. Most of these low back pains occur after the age of 30, and the incidence increases with age. Some scholars estimate that on average, for every family of five, there will be one patient with low back pain. Some experts also point out that everyone will experience low back pain in their lifetime, and it directly endangers people’s health. In the United States, about 700,000 people are hospitalized each year for low back pain, and about 200,000 of them receive surgical treatment. This shows that low back pain is a disorder that cannot be ignored. Low back pain is often caused by lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis. Patients usually experience pain or numbness in the buttocks and lower extremities, restricted movement, intermittent claudication, some of which may be accompanied by low back pain, or some other accompanying symptoms. Surgery is still the main treatment for lumbar disc herniation, which is a common and frequent disease. The traditional procedures are: hemilaminectomy, hemilaminectomy and hemiarthrosis, total laminectomy, total laminectomy and total arthrosis, and (large incision) interlaminar opening. In recent years, a variety of interventional treatment methods have also emerged, but they have not been popularized due to high costs and narrow indications. Minimally invasive small incision and small opening surgery is an important development direction in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. The effect of lumbar disc herniation surgery mainly depends on the following four aspects: whether the nucleus pulposus of the herniated disc is completely removed; whether the nerve roots are completely decompressed and released; the degree of destruction of the stable structure of the spine; and whether scarring and adhesions are formed around the dura mater and nerve roots. Our department adopts the posterior microscopic minimally invasive surgery to remove the lumbar disc, which is characterized by small trauma, the skin incision is only 2 cm to 3 cm, the soft tissue trauma is smaller than the traditional (large incision) laminectomy, less bleeding; the damage to the bony structure of the lumbar spine is small, so the postoperative effect on the stability of the lumbar spine is not significant, the patient can go to the ground on the second day after surgery, and the hospitalization time is greatly shortened; the use of the microscope makes the operative field clearly revealed, and it is easy to The use of microscope makes the surgical field clear and easy to identify all kinds of different tissues and lesions, and the nerve root canal decompression is complete; the postoperative effect is good. This technique is a safe and effective surgical method. There are many causes of spinal stenosis, mainly caused by hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, small joint hyperplasia, lumbar disc herniation, and calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Patients often have a not very clear history of chronic low back pain and mild activity restriction, and eventually develop the typical symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis —– intermittent neurological claudication, i.e. numbness and pain in the posterior or posterior lateral aspect of the lower limbs when walking, which usually migrates from the lower back to the legs. In recent years, minimally invasive surgery is a major trend in surgery, and new minimally invasive surgeries for spinal stenosis have been emerging. Neurosurgery has been carrying out the minimally invasive concept of neurosurgery throughout since the spine surgery, and the routine use of microscope and grinding drill is the basis and condition for carrying out minimally invasive surgery. The procedure is performed under a microscope, using a high-speed grinding drill to grind away part of the patient’s hemivertebral plate without injuring the small joints and spinous processes, and to bite away the thickened ligamentum flavum in the spinal canal from different angles, and to enlarge the lateral crypt on the affected side with adequate decompression in the spinal canal. Surgical features: only part of the hemivertebral plate on one side is ground away, preserving the spinous process and small joints, so the surgery is minimally traumatic and can be tolerated by most elderly patients, with almost no effect on the stability of the spine. The operation is performed with a microscope, so the field of vision is good and the nerve roots are better protected and complications are reduced. Patients are able to move around the next day after surgery, and the length of hospital stay is significantly reduced, as are the costs associated with surgery. The successful performance of this surgical approach allows us to better serve our patients.