Definition: The intervertebral disc is composed of three parts: the cartilage plate, the fibrous ring, and the nucleus pulposus. The nucleus pulposus is a semi-fluid gel-like substance surrounded by a fibrous ring with a cartilaginous plate above and below it, and the intervertebral disc is the part of the vertebral body that is connected to each other. The lumbar intervertebral discs refer to the intervertebral discs between the lumbar l and sacrum, five in total. The height of the lumbar discs accounts for about 54.4% of the height of the vertebral body. Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common causes of back and leg pain. Lumbar disc herniation is caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc, due to rupture of the fibrous ring and protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, which compresses the nerve root and causes back and leg pain and nerve dysfunction. Weng Maojian, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Panyu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China Symptoms: The history of lumbar disc herniation is often recurrent lower back pain and hip pain, which is relieved after short-term rest. The pain may be suddenly aggravated by bending over, manifesting as sudden leg pain that is more intense than lumbar pain. Leg pain that is comparable to or more severe than low back pain is radiating pain caused by the herniated nucleus pulposus compressing nerve roots. The pain due to a herniated disc is usually intermittent, aggravated by activity, especially when sitting, and relieved after rest. The onset is usually sudden and mostly unilateral. The pressure point is usually next to the spinous process of the affected vertebral space and radiates to the affected calf or foot. Symptoms of cauda equina damage include numbness and tingling in the perineum, urinary and fecal dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, and bilateral lower extremity pain. In severe cases, urinary and fecal incontinence may occur.2. Sensory impairment, motor impairment, sensory hypersensitivity, hyperalgesia or loss of sensation in the distribution area of the affected nerve root, numbness and coldness of the limbs. Some patients do not have pain in the lower limbs but have numbness in the lower limbs, and a few feel coldness in the limbs, especially in the distal part of the toes. The muscles innervated by the damaged nerve roots can be seen to have weakened muscle strength and muscle atrophy, and some are even completely paralyzed.3. Muscle paralysis, when the lumbar intervertebral disc herniation severely compresses the nerve roots, it can cause nerve root damage and muscle paralysis.4. Spinal deformity, the physiological curve of the lumbar spine can be seen to decrease or disappear, and in severe cases, posterior convexity deformity can occur.5. Functional exercise: self functional exercise, so that the lumbar back muscle strength, one can increase the lumbar spine mobility, two can increase the stability of the lumbar spine. 1, supine lift pelvis supine position with knees flexed, with the feet and back as a fulcrum, lift the pelvis, and then slowly fall, repeated 20 times. The action can correct the lower pelvis tilt forward, increasing the lumbar spine curvature. 2, hold the knee touch chest supine position with both knees flexed, hands hold the knee so that it is as close as possible to the chest, but be careful not to arch the back out of bed. 3, side lying position leg lift side lying position, the upper leg can be straight, the lower knee slightly flexed, the upper leg side lift, and then slowly put down, repeated dozens of times. 4, crawl with the knee touch elbow double knee and upper limb propped up prone, the waist relaxed nuclear hair slowly sink up, regained 10 times, one side of the lower limb straight, bend the knee so that it touches the elbow joint on the same side as far as possible. Repeat 15 times. 5, straight leg raise supine position, hands pressed under the buttocks, slowly lift both lower limbs, the knee joint can be slightly flexed, and then put down, repeat 15 times. 6, leg press sitting on the bed, one knee slightly flexed, the other lower limb straight, torso lean forward to press to the straightened lower limb, and then exchange into the other lower limb. This action can also be performed in the standing position, the lower limbs on the back of the chair in front. 7, knee crunches supine position, both knees flexed, tummy tucked so that the trunk lifted, hands touching the knees.