Firstly, do a good job of internal blood glucose control, followed by retinal laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy according to the lesions of the eye. Laser treatment: so far the only effective way to prevent DR blindness can effectively control and delay the complications of retinal ischemia, but it is difficult for the patients themselves to master, and it is often too late when the vision loss is too late, how to detect diabetic retinopathy should be regular fundus examination. Surgery can only partially restore vision and is not basically an etiologic treatment. Treatment of the lesion: Passive action, removal of media clouding/photocoagulation, removal of NVM, and retinal repositioning. Effect on lesion progression: Removal/reduction of NVM aggravates ischemia; adequate photocoagulation “balances supply and demand”. Alteration of the intraocular environment: diffusion properties ↑ O2/nutrition ↑, cataract ↑ . The effect depends on the degree of retinal ischemia and functional damage, and surgical complications are inevitable. Fang Zhou, Ophthalmology Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University