The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body and helps regulate growth, metabolism and development. Some thyroid disorders can cause changes in thyroid function, either hyper or hypo. There are two types of thyroid disorders: 1) diffuse lesions, which are benign and need to be treated with medications directed by an endocrinologist after ultrasound and laboratory tests to determine the type of disease. Malignant nodules account for only a small percentage of these lesions, usually less than 10%, and benign lesions account for most of them, but a clear diagnosis is needed before choosing different treatments. 80% of thyroid nodules can be clearly identified as benign or malignant through routine ultrasound examination. 20% of nodules that cannot be clearly identified as benign or malignant need not be worried, as long as some tissue is extracted from the mass for pathological examination under ultrasound guidance to know its benign or malignant nature. The most common malignant tumor in thyroid is papillary carcinoma, which has low malignancy and usually metastasizes through the lymph nodes in the neck, and can be completely cured if detected early and treated timely. Therefore, regular ultrasound examination of thyroid gland is very necessary, and timely diagnosis and treatment of nodules is more important. As for benign thyroid tumors, in the absence of significant tracheal compression symptoms, ultrasound-guided thermal ablation is a minimally invasive treatment that requires no hospitalization, is extremely traumatic and almost painless after local anesthesia, and only a small 2mm pinhole can be seen a few days after surgery, which disappears after a period of time. At present, our ultrasound department carries out the first nationwide radiofrequency/microwave thyroid ablation treatment.