There are many reasons for short-term sudden abdominal distension, since there are physiological factors, such as dietary factors, pregnancy, etc.; there are also disease factors, such as digestive diseases, abdominal fluid, abdominal space-occupying lesions and so on. 1. Physiological factors: (1) Dietary reasons: if the speed of eating is relatively fast, the ingredients eaten are prone to flatulence, common beans, onions, groundnuts, etc., which may cause gastrointestinal flatulence, manifesting a short period of abdominal distension. (2) pregnancy: a small number of women are not clear that they are pregnant, suddenly found that the stomach becomes larger, the examination is clear for physiological pregnancy. 2. Factors of diseases: (1) Digestive tract diseases: indigestion, intestinal flora imbalance, intestinal obstruction, etc., may also slow down intestinal peristalsis, or even intestinal peristalsis is blocked, resulting in a large amount of gas remaining in the intestines. (2) Abdominal fluid accumulation: especially a large amount of fluid accumulation, there will also be a sudden enlargement of the stomach, such as common cirrhosis patients with abdominal fluid accumulation, there may be an increase in the amount of abdominal fluid in a short period of time, resulting in a sudden enlargement of the stomach. (3) Abdominal space-occupying lesions: malignant tumors such as peritoneal metastases or peritoneal mesothelioma, which produce abdominal fluid at a faster rate, may present with sudden enlargement of the stomach in a short period of time. Some patients with solid occupations in the abdomen can suddenly find their tummies enlarged. The etiology of short-term abdominal distension is very complex, and it needs to be clearly diagnosed by combining the patient’s triggers, medical history and relevant examinations to exclude the factors of disease.