OVERVIEW
Overview
Leukemia renal damage refers to a class of renal damage caused by leukemia-induced cellular infiltration, metabolites, immune complex deposition, and electrolyte disorders, which are mainly manifested as acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, nephritic syndrome, and nephrotic syndrome.
Whether medical insurance
Yes
Department
Nephrology, Hematology
Clinical symptoms
Clinical symptoms of leukemia such as anemia and infection are the main manifestations. The manifestation of kidney involvement varies greatly, which can be abnormal urinalysis, such as hematuria, proteinuria, nephrogenic glycosuria, or even massive proteinuria; kidney stones, oliguria, or polyuria are also seen.
Hazards
The disease may progress to uremia or renal failure, which may affect survival in severe cases.
Examination
Blood routine, urine routine, X-ray, ultrasound, renal biopsy and histopathological examination.
Diagnosis
Abnormal urinalysis, abnormal renal function, pain or mass in the kidney area during the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia; the manifestation of renal disease is closely related to the change of condition and treatment of leukemia.
Treatment principle
The main treatment of leukemia, while treating kidney disease and preventing hyperuricemia nephropathy.
Curability
After treatment, the symptoms improve significantly, which can prolong the survival rate of patients.
Dietary recommendations
Diet should be rich in nutrients and easy to digest.
Etiology
Etiology
The disease is mainly caused by leukemia.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
Leukemia renal damage mostly has no overt clinical symptoms, the possible clinical manifestations are: 1. Leukemia renal infiltration manifestation is quite common, but the vast majority of patients are asymptomatic, some patients can appear microscopic hematuria, leukocyturia and other urinalysis abnormalities, a very small number of patients can appear bilateral kidney obvious enlargement, acute renal failure.2. Obstructive nephropathy is the main manifestation of leukemia, mostly caused by uric acid crystals or stones, can appear back pain The patients are mostly unilateral, sometimes accompanied by renal colic.3. Patients with glomerular disease manifestations mostly show nephrotic syndrome, and may have different degrees of renal failure.4. Clinical manifestations of tubulo-interstitial lesions show polyuria, renal glycosuria, alkaluria, and in severe cases, acute renal failure may occur, when both kidneys are enlarged.5. In the early stage of chronic renal failure, the patients are asymptomatic, or they have only discomfort such as weakness, lumbar acidity, and increased nocturia, etc. In the late stage of uremia, they may experience backache, and may have a high level of urinary tract infection. In advanced uremia, heart failure, hyperkalemia, gastrointestinal bleeding can occur.
Diagnostic basis
1. urine abnormality, hypertension, pain or mass in renal area during leukemia diagnosis and treatment. 2. urine routine can see proteinuria, hematuria, nephrogenic glycosuria, elevated urinary lysozyme, etc. 3. renal histopathology can see a large number of leukemia cell infiltration.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Treating leukemia, choosing chemotherapy regimen according to the type of leukemia; preventing and controlling uric acid nephropathy; treating kidney disease.
Drug treatment
1. To prevent and control hyperuricemia nephropathy, start applying allopurinol 3 days before chemotherapy. When uric acid nephropathy has already occurred, in addition to the continued use of allopurinol, alkalizing drugs and rehydration fluids should be added to reduce the deposition of uric acid. 2. Treatment of renal disease mainly uses adrenocorticotropic hormones and cytotoxic drugs.
Radiotherapy
Different chemotherapy regimens are used according to the type of leukemia.
Other treatments
Dialysis treatment may be considered for renal failure.
Prognosis
After effective treatment, the remission rate and remission period of this disease are significantly improved, which can improve the survival rate of patients.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Maintain a calm state of mind and avoid aggravation of the disease by adverse emotions. 2. Avoid excessive tension and exertion. Choose appropriate exercise to improve body resistance.3. Pay attention to warmth and personal hygiene to prevent colds and infections.4. Regularly review the condition and seek medical advice when there are changes in the condition.
Dietary management
Provide sufficient high-calorie, vitamin-rich and easy-to-digest diet, and appropriately regulate the proportion of high sugar and lipids in the dietary calories, so as to reduce the decomposition of autologous proteins and alleviate the burden on the kidneys.