1. Know the nose drops. After a cold, your nose is blocked, you can’t breathe well, you sneeze constantly, and you suffer a lot. In order to solve the breathing problem, some people go to the pharmacy to buy nasal drops to use on their own. When they go to the pharmacy, they are dumbfounded by the wide range of nasal drops, some are called nasal drops, some are called nasal eye drops, and some are called nasal passages …… Hey, which one should be chosen in the end? The medicine you choose will not have side effects ah? Many patients are often at a loss for this. In fact, to understand the nasal drops must also start from the function of the nasal drops, the most commonly used nasal drops from the function of the main three, one is a vasoconstrictor: the most commonly used is ephedrine type of nasal drops, these drugs mainly play the role of constriction of mucosal blood vessels, can eliminate congestion and swelling of the nasal mucosa in the short term, lifting nasal congestion. Second, hormonal nasal drops: commonly used such as Nesuna spray, these drugs have obvious anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-edema effects, can promote the lesion of the nasal mucosa back to normal. Third, nasal mucous membrane lubricant: commonly used are compound peppermint oil, paraffin oil, etc., can promote mucosal lubrication, keep the nasal cavity moist, for dry rhinitis has a certain therapeutic effect. 2, vasoconstrictor type nasal drops can not be used for a long time. The ephedrine nasal drops or nasal drops (naphthazoline) belong to the vasoconstrictor nasal drops, which have a strong vasoconstrictive effect, after application, can make the nasal mucosa vasoconstriction, thus reducing the turbinates and improving the ventilation of the nose, so many patients regard it as a regular medicine, as long as the nose is not comfortable to drop a few drops, the results found that the effectiveness of the medicine is getting worse, the time interval between drops is getting shorter, but the symptoms are getting heavier. Although vasoconstrictive nasal drops can play an immediate role in relieving nasal congestion, the effect of such drugs is to treat the symptoms but not the root cause, but after the drug will appear rebound vasodilatation, so that the symptoms of nasal congestion again or even aggravate, resulting in repeated drops. The drugs have an inhibitory effect on the movement of nasal mucous membrane cilia, long-term frequent use will damage the nasal mucosa, causing pathological changes in the nasal mucosa, resulting in the proliferation of submucosal connective tissue, and may produce drug resistance and drug dependence, resulting in drug rhinitis. In addition, if the drug is continuously overdosed for a long time, it may also produce accumulation effects, which may induce adverse reactions such as elevated blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmia. Because of the disadvantages of ephedrine nasal drops, some countries began to restrict the use of ephedrine nasal topical as early as the 1960s, and domestic rhinologists have also proposed in recent years to limit the abuse of ephedrine-type nasal decongestants. At present, vasoconstrictor nasal drops are mainly used for acute rhinitis and sinusitis, and are generally used continuously for no more than 7 days, and should not be ordered too many times, generally 3 times a day is appropriate. In addition, many Chinese medicine nasal drops also contain vasoconstrictor ingredients, should be used with caution. 3, hormonal nasal drops can be used for a long time under the guidance of a doctor. At present, hormonal nasal drops are widely used in the treatment of various nasal diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, acute and chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. However, there are still many patients who are afraid of hormones and have the feeling of “talking about hormones”, but in fact, hormones used in the nasal cavity are local medications, and the dose used is very small compared with that of systemic medications, which is about 1‰ of oral or injectable medications. The hormonal nasal drops have significant anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-edematous effects, which can restore the diseased nasal mucosa to normal, in order to achieve the purpose of cure. Moreover, research data show that long-term use of recommended doses of nasal hormones does not inhibit the movement of nasal cilia and has no effect on the growth of children, so nasal hormones are very safe. In terms of the time period for the use of hormonal nasal drops, acute rhinosinusitis requires timely and continuous treatment with medication. Therefore, in addition to oral antimicrobials for more than 20 days, topical hormone-containing nasal drops should also be used for more than 1 month in order for acute sinusitis to be completely cured. Some patients with acute sinusitis buy medicine at the pharmacy or go to the hospital, use it for three or four days, feel relief from nasal congestion or headache, so they do not continue to use the medicine. However, although the symptoms are gone, the inflammation inside the sinuses is not well, it is because of the lack of adherence to the medication that it has developed into chronic rhinosinusitis. For patients with allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps and nasal polyps after surgery, the use of nasal hormones is required for 2 to 3 months continuously, 1 to 3 times a day, and then gradually reduce the number of medications as the mucous membrane recovers, such as changing to 1 time every other day, until the mucous membrane returns to normal and then change to the amount of prophylactic medication 2 times a week. With such long-term preventive medication, these diseases may be controlled or not recurred for life. Of course, it does not mean that nasal hormones do not have any side effects, and a few patients may experience nasal dryness and nasal bleeding, which can be alleviated by using some nasal oils at the same time. It should be reminded that the use of any type of nasal drops should be done under the guidance of a doctor in order to be both safe and effective.