Some parents may find a bulge under the child’s tummy when the child is crying, and the doctor will tell the parents that this is a hernia in children. The bulge is usually found unintentionally by parents when the child is crying or taking a bath, and it appears as a protruding bulge under the baby’s tummy, near the root of the thigh. In rare cases, the bulge may appear suddenly and cannot be pushed back, which is a danger sign and must be seen by a doctor as soon as possible. What is a bulge? A child’s hernia is commonly known as a small intestine hernia. The reason why children get a hernia is because of congenital developmental problems, and childhood hernia is mostly seen in premature babies and boys, but also in girls, but relatively rarely. The reason for this is that in boys, during the first month of life, the testicles descend from the abdominal cavity along the inguinal region into the scrotum, and a hole in the peritoneum called the sheath is formed. If the sphincter does not close properly or at all, a congenital hole will be formed in the inguinal region, and then after the child is born, along with the development of the body, the intestinal tube or omentum of the abdominal cavity will burst out of this hole and appear as a bulge under the small stomach to push back, which is a child hernia. The bulge will be more obvious. In girls, hernias can also occur in individual cases where the round ligament of the uterus is present. The age of onset of hernia in children is variable and can occur at several years of age along with the child’s growth and development, while some can develop in adulthood. The current treatment principle for hernia in children is that it can be treated conservatively if it is not serious within 1.5 years of age. This is to make a hernia belt similar to tight-fitting shorts and to protect the child by consciously pressing the bulge with the parent’s hand when the child is crying. If the hernia does not heal on its own or if the bulge worsens beyond 1.5 years of age, surgery is required. The reason for surgical treatment is very simple: find the hole and ligate it with a silk thread. There are two ways to do this: one is to open the surgery and separate the hole from the outside to the inside and ligate it, and the other is laparoscopic surgery, where a small hole is made in the abdominal wall and the hole is ligated from inside the abdomen at an absolute high level under the direct view of the laparoscope. We now use laparoscopic surgery for children’s hernias, which is a demanding procedure but has a rapid recovery, low recurrence and minimal side effects. The normal polypropylene patch, which is often referred to as a tension-free hernia repair, should not be used for pediatric hernia patients because it has a certain rate of contracture and the change in height as the child develops and grows can cause pain. There is a situation that needs a lot of attention, where the bulge suddenly increases when the child suddenly pushes or cries loudly, and cannot be pushed back! This is called an incarcerated hernia! This is a dangerous situation that can cause life-threatening intestinal necrosis and requires immediate medical attention.