Many people have experienced knee pain, but it is not clear what causes knee pain. The knee joint is the largest flexor joint in the body, bearing weight, and is flexible. Knee pain can be caused by lesions in the knee joint itself or by lesions in other areas that cause knee pain.
A. Knee pain caused by strain, inflammation, and
1, quadriceps tendonitis
Pain in the upper pole of the patella, can cause pain when extending the knee joint force, the place may have pressure pain, common knee movement excessive, such as pedal bicycle.
2.Patellar tendonitis
Chronic pain at the inferior pole of the patella, patellar tendon, common in young people who prefer sports.
3, chondromalacia patellae
Prevalent in young and strong adults, after trauma or high-dose exercise, the pain after the patella varies in degree, walking flat road without symptoms, squatting and standing, up and down stairs, walking a long way pain increased. The main symptom is post-patellar pain in the knee joint, varying in severity, generally not obvious after walking on level ground, but the pain is aggravated after squatting and standing, going up and down stairs, or walking long distances. The main symptom is posterior patellofemoral pain, which varies in severity, and is generally not apparent when walking on a flat surface, but increases after squatting, going up and down stairs, or walking long distances. The main symptom is post-patellar pain in the knee joint, which varies in severity, and is usually not apparent when walking on the ground, but increases after squatting, going up and down stairs, or walking long distances.
4. Fat pad strain
The fat pad fills the gap at the front of the knee joint and has the effect of strengthening joint stability and reducing friction. Fat pad trauma or long-term friction causes fat pad congestion, hypertrophy, and inflammation, mostly in people over 30 years of age who walk, hike, or squat frequently. The pain is worse with full extension, but movement is not limited. It is more pronounced after exertion.
5. Traumatic synovitis of the knee joint
The synovial membrane of the knee is one of the main structures that make up the knee joint. Synovial cells secrete synovial fluid, which keeps the cartilage surface of the joint slippery and increases the range of motion of the joint. Injury to the synovial membrane due to trauma or overexertion can produce a large amount of fluid, which can increase the pressure in the joint.
6, rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease with chronic progressive joint lesions, symmetric polyarthritis, with the most common involvement of the hands, wrists, elbows, knees, ankles and feet joints. Mainly involving synovial joints, the knee is the largest synovial joint, so often early both recurrent pain, swelling and fluid accumulation in the knee joint.
7.Osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Middle-aged and elderly, mostly women. Knee joint cartilage degeneration, wear and tear, exfoliation based on overload. Knee joint pain, there will be friction sounds, long bone spurs, when moving the joint. Knee inversion, valgus deformity, walking pain.
8. Infectious inflammation of the knee joint
Bacterial infection triggers septic arthritis redness, swelling, heat and pain. Acute and chronic osteomyelitis around the joint causing pain. Severe pain with systemic symptoms of infection.
Second, knee pain caused by knee injury
1.Fracture
Fracture of the knee joint under strong external force, such as patella fracture, femoral condyle fracture, tibial plateau fracture. It is accompanied by swelling, functional limitation or even deformity, abnormal activity, etc.
2.Meniscus injury
Meniscal injury is a common injury in athletes. When the lower limb is weighted, the foot is fixed, and the knee is slightly flexed, if the knee is suddenly extended in internal rotation or external rotation (for example, soccer players, suddenly stopping to shovel the ball when running), it may cause a tear of the lateral meniscus. This is followed by joint pain, restricted movement, swelling and slippage of the joint, and sometimes a popping sound or even locking when the joint is moved.
3. Knee ligament injury or rupture
Common medial collateral ligament injury or rupture, (such as skiing, legs apart after a sharp fall, splitting and falling) the medial knee joint pain can be localized swelling. Pain, swelling, joint instability, inability to stand, walk, etc. caused by trauma or violence to the knee fork ligament injury or rupture.
4.Joint dislocation
External patellar dislocation is common, and there are also rare anterior and posterior dislocations of the knee joint, often accompanied by nerve and blood vessel damage.
Third, other parts of the disease caused by knee pain
1.Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head
The human hip joint is surrounded by the foramen ovale nerve, which is divided into the muscle branch that mainly innervates the thigh adductor muscle group and the cutaneous branch that is distributed in the skin of the lower inner side of the thigh. Because ischemic femoral head necrosis is a hip joint lesion, the stimulation of the branch of the closed foraminal nerve in this area, through the reflex action of the same spinal cord segment, causes the symptoms of pain in the medial knee joint. Some patients with femoral head necrosis first go to the hospital with knee pain as the main symptom, and some even miss and misdiagnose the problem.
2. High lumbar disc herniation
The femoral nerve comes from the upper lumbar spine and is innervated to the medial side of the knee joint and the front of the lower extremity. The nerve root of the femoral nerve is compressed by a herniated disc in the upper lumbar spine, causing knee pain and other symptoms. Such as lumbar 2, 3 disc herniation.
3.Ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a disease in which inflammation of the sacroiliac joints and spinal attachment points is the main symptom. It is strongly associated with HLA-B27. About half of them show monoarticular symptoms of the extremities, with lower extremity joints predominant and knee pain common; some people visit the clinic with simple knee pain and later develop sacroiliac joint lesions and are found to be HLA-B27 positive.
4.Bone tumor
The incidence is low, but pain is an important manifestation of bone tumor. It can be detected by X-ray in general.
About half of the AS patients have transient acute peripheral arthritis, and about 25% have permanent peripheral joint damage.
About half of the patients with AS have transient acute peripheral arthritis, and about 25% have permanent peripheral joint damage. On a daily basis, prolonged exposure to cold and large temperature differences in the knee joint are the main causes of knee pain. Especially in the fall, when there is an alternation between warm and cold temperatures, low temperatures or large temperature differences can cause muscles and blood vessels to contract, resulting in knee pain. Therefore, it is important to keep the knee joint warm. If you have knee pain, it is best to go to the hospital to find out the cause of your knee pain so that it can be treated properly.