Pain Chapter Sitting not only makes you prone to weight gain, but it also makes you more susceptible to illness. Epidemiological studies have shown that many modern diseases are related to sitting life. The most direct feeling of sitting for a long time is back pain or joint pain, but even so, many people often do not care, thinking that as long as they go home and lie down, or go to exercise, they can relieve the discomfort involved. See how to respond correctly when the body and joints appear pain signals. Case study a Xiao Xiao is a newspaper editor, mainly responsible for the layout of the layout design, sometimes in order to design a good-looking layout or meet the newspaper out, in front of the computer to sit is a few hours do not get up, when the feeling of back pain and neck fatigue, but also to hold up the past, and then return home at night, the meal is not eaten, and directly to the couch to lie down. Xiao Xiao said that only in this way, their neck, waist and back to feel comfortable. Colleagues suggested to go to the hospital to see, or go to physical therapy, Xiao Xiao said it does not matter, only lying is the most comfortable. A neck and waist and limb joint pain, can lie down and ignore? What causes pain? Definitely should not. Soreness and pain in the spine is caused by disorder, strain, trauma and degenerative changes in the surrounding tissues and small joints; while joint pain is mostly caused by strain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, joint trauma, septic arthritis, tuberculous arthritis and febrile diseases; it is often accompanied by joint pain, redness, swelling, and limitation of function. When the pain affects the work and daily life, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment. The most common joint pain is caused by the natural damage and aging of joint cartilage. When the cartilage is worn out, the bones in the joints are exposed and the joints will rattle when they move, followed by pain, swelling and joint stiffness. Second, how to read the pain signal? Sedentary people, what pain problems are most likely to occur, these pain indicates what problems may occur in the body? Pain is not only a common symptom of many diseases, but many chronic pains are a disease in themselves. Humans are no strangers to pain. Individuals have experienced pain while growing up. Pain was originally a well-intentioned signal that warned people about the location and nature of physical ailments so that they could take timely steps to combat the damage and treat the lesions without allowing the damage to expand, develop, and become life-threatening. However, stubborn pain, severe pain, chronic pain and is uncomfortable, make people annoyed, and hate; and even therefore seriously affect people’s daily activities function. (A), how to read the pain signal? Pain seems to be very common, but in fact the process inside is very complex. Different pain represents different signals of the body, most people think that special pain is a serious problem, and if it does not hurt, there is no problem, do not pay attention to it, if you think so then it is wrong! It is often said that “toothache is not a disease, but a pain will kill you”, but no one dies of toothache. Sometimes it hurts so much that it kills you, and sometimes it doesn’t hurt, but the cancer cells have already eaten away at your internal organs. Why does this happen? It is because the distribution of the human body’s nervous system is uneven, the human body’s exterior and all the parts that are in contact with the outside are the parts that are densely populated with nerves, such as the skin, the oral cavity, the pharynx, and various membrane tissues, etc. The majority of the internal organs have no nerves. And most of the internal organs have no nerve distribution, such as the heart, lungs, liver, etc. Sometimes the lungs are rotting a big hole, all lung cancer, but also will not hurt, the liver is hardened, will not hurt. Only when the lesions of internal organs expand to affect the membrane tissue wrapped around them will produce pain, because there are nerves on the membrane tissue, but this time is often already in the advanced stage of the disease! (ii) Many chronic pains are themselves a disease. Because chronic pain is a pain signal conducted by thick fibers that adversely affects body function, it can be said to be a disease in itself. Some pain is irrelevant and some is life-threatening. Different pains represent different signals from the body. Some of the common pains are very dangerous and can be life-threatening if left untreated. For example, angina pectoris, accompanied by rapid heartbeat and chest tightness, represents a blockage of the coronary arteries, resulting in myocardial ischemia, which can lead to myocardial infarction if not treated in time. Also, urinary stone colic, acute pancreatitis pain, if not treated in time will cause shock death. You should go to the hospital for emergency treatment without delay. Understand the pain of some simple knowledge, gradually to recognize the body issued by the different pain signals, timely with the body to make adjustments, go to the hospital in a timely manner to check the treatment. (c) What pain problems are most likely to occur in sedentary people? The American Journal of Preventive Medicine (American Journal of Preventive Medicine) published a number of articles about sedentary behavior triggering a variety of problems. Sedentary health damage is different from the lack of leisure activities. 1, angina: sedentary behavior is different from the lack of physical activity, sit too long people usually face a greater risk of premature death, especially heart disease. 2, hemorrhoid pain: sedentary hemorrhoid patients increased sharply; 3, lumbar pain: is due to sit incorrectly, so that the lumbar muscles, intervertebral discs and ligamentous tissues are subjected to long-term stretching state, resulting in chronic injury, and thus produce lumbar pain. 4, shoulder pain: clinical Show, sedentary, stress, irregular life, tobacco and alcohol stimulation is the main reason for its disease. 5, prostate pain: because of sedentary, resulting in perineum, prostate and other parts of the long-term congestion, venous reflux and so on. Third, which pain can be relieved by self-regulation? How to adjust? Generally refers to the early joint pain and some clearly diagnosed chronic disease pain, can be adjusted through the methods of holistic natural medicine, and gradually restore health. Such as joint pain: 1, to relieve knee pain: control weight self-massage. 2, to relieve knee pain: less weight-bearing, often activities, static and dynamic combination, alternating and. 3, to relieve neck, lumbar and limb joint pain: avoid excessive weight-bearing exercise, such as minimizing the frequent ascending sports; to protect the joints from damage, such as avoiding repeated impact or torque on the joints; appropriate exercise: including isometric contraction, isotonic contraction and posture, muscle groups, and muscle groups. Contraction of muscles and posture, muscle group exercise. Taking vitamin A, C, E and vitamin D supplementation also has a certain preventive effect on osteoarthritis. Fourth, which pain must go to the hospital for treatment? How to treat? Toothache: toothache after being stimulated by hot and cold, which disappears after a while, which is caused by caries or enamel abrasion; spontaneous sharp pain, throbbing pain, which is caused by inflammation of the dental pulp. The former is not necessarily urgent medical treatment, the latter should immediately seek medical attention. Low back pain: it is generally believed that the pain can be reduced within 2 days for mild lumbar injury, more than 2 days that the muscles and tendons have been damaged or torn, not timely treatment will make the trauma inflammation aggravated, causing chronic muscle spasms. At the same time, mild lumbar sprain, pain range is limited, such as pain spread to the buttocks and legs, must go to the hospital. Stomach pain: general gastritis, dyspepsia in 2 hours most can be relieved, more than this time, persistent stomach pain, it is likely that there is some kind of serious disease. Ankle sprain: this is a ligament, muscle soft tissue contusion, small capillaries may rupture, causing localized bruising, swelling and pain. Generally, the pain will be reduced or disappear within a week, and those who have exceeded this period should seek medical attention. Fragment cuts: after the fragment is removed, the pain can disappear immediately, the pain is not reduced or a large amount of bleeding, should go to the hospital for examination. Skin cuts: pain gradually decreases within 24 hours, beyond this period, there is a possibility of inflammation. Body surface (muscle, skin, teeth, etc.) pain in a longer time frame, the security is also large; visceral pain is very variable, the degree of pain is not necessarily proportional to the condition, in addition to the time of pain, should be combined with the location of pain, nature, the presence of radiation and other signs of test abnormalities and analyze. If there is chest pain, abdominal pain and other visceral pain, it is best to go to the hospital in time. Cervical spondylosis: In addition to neck and shoulder pain, dysphagia may occur Swallowing disorders: this is caused by direct compression of the posterior wall of the esophagus by the anterior border of the cervical vertebrae causing esophageal stenosis, or it may also be caused by the formation of bone spurs too quickly, so that the soft tissues around the esophagus undergo an irritation reaction. Visual impairment: in severe cases, blindness. This is related to ischemic damage to the visual center of the occipital lobe of the brain caused by autonomic disorders and insufficient blood supply to the vertebral – basilar artery due to cervical spondylosis. Cervical-cardiac syndrome: manifested by pain in the anterior thoracic region, chest tightness, arrhythmia and ST-segment changes on electrocardiogram, which is often misdiagnosed as coronary artery disease. This is caused by the stimulation and compression of cervical dorsal nerve roots by cervical spines. Hypertensive cervical spondylosis: lower limb paralysis: this is due to the stimulation or compression of the lateral bundle of vertebrae by cervical bone spurs, resulting in lower limb motor and sensory disorders. All have to go to the hospital to see a doctor. Fifth, what circumstances can take painkillers, how to correctly use anti-inflammatory analgesics? First of all, not all pain should use anti-inflammatory analgesics. Early osteoarthritis pain can be treated with physiotherapy. Osteoarthritis acute attack, pain is obvious, the effect of non-pharmacological treatment is not good when you can reasonably use anti-inflammatory painkillers. Osteoarthritis patients should pay attention to the following points in the rational use of anti-inflammatory painkillers: (a), clear individualized principle of taking drugs. Not all medicines are suitable for the same person, the most expensive medicine is not necessarily the best medicine. (B), when taking medication should start with a small dose, the first three days, no obvious side effects and then continue to use seven days. After the condition of osteoarthritis has stabilized, the dosage can be gradually reduced to find a suitable minimum maintenance dose to minimize the recurrence of arthritis and at the same time minimize the side effects of the medication. (C), to take medication according to the course of treatment. The course of anti-inflammatory painkillers for osteoarthritis is usually 10 to 14 days, and can be extended to 6 weeks if necessary. (D), according to the condition of the joint use of drugs to reduce the side effects of anti-inflammatory painkillers. For example, when taking anti-inflammatory painkillers, gastric mucosal protection drugs can be taken at the same time to prevent gastrointestinal reactions. When anti-inflammatory painkillers and vitamin drugs are taken together, it can reduce the loss of calcium in the body and prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis side effects. Knee Disease Article Case Study 2 Physical activity is the primary method of self-management for patients with arthritis, and studies have proven that it reduces joint pain and improves joint function and quality of life. But improper exercise can make the joints hurt more. Auntie He, 58, retired the year before last, and once she was idle, she felt that her body was “aging fast”, and when it rained, her left leg, which used to be a bit rheumatic, hurt more than ever. Auntie He had heard colleagues say, more climbing, dancing, joints will not be early “retirement”, so a weekend, she went to the countryside with friends climbing exercise. A few months down, Auntie He’s knee has a sharp pain, bending more pain. Living on the 8th floor and no elevator, now climbing stairs are very difficult, children are still discussing whether to give the elderly for the elevator room. May I ask: I. What causes arthritis? Climatic factors: often living activities in the damp, cold environment, due to low temperature, poor blood circulation in the bone and arthritis disease Age: with the aging of the human body, the repeated use of the knee joint can stimulate inflammatory changes in the cartilage. In addition, the content of mucopolysaccharide in the cartilage decreases in old age, the matrix loses chondroitin sulfate, the toughness decreases, and it is easy to be mechanically injured and produce degenerative changes. Joint strain: long-term fixed working posture, poor posture, excessive wear and tear of the joints (according to research: no elevator building residents knee pain, knee osteoarthritis incidence is higher than the cottage residents). Obesity: Obesity increases the load on the joints and causes changes in the biomechanics of the joints due to changes in posture and gait. Estrogen: The prevalence is higher in women and increases significantly after menopause and is associated with the discovery of estrogen receptors in articular cartilage. Second, osteoarthritis of the knee is the most common disease causing knee pain, how should exercise, health care and proper treatment? Knee pain in addition to osteoarthritis, also includes rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, etc., and osteoarthritis is mostly due to joint degeneration caused by incorrect lifestyle; is not a complete cure for the disease, but only to alleviate the exacerbation of its symptoms, and to control the further development of osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Specific treatment methods to regular hospital specialists to find a physician treatment. So, what exercise health care should be done for osteoarthritis of the knee. (A): good posture combined with appropriate exercise 1, the best way to exercise: swimming and walking is the best exercise for patients with knee osteoarthritis, not only does not increase the weight-bearing capacity of the knee joint, but also allows the muscles and ligaments around the knee joint to get exercise. 2, optional exercise: sit-ups, push-ups, bridge arch, lying on your back, put your legs up and down, imitation pedal bicycle, high horse stance, straight kneeling. 3, pay attention to sports posture: patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, is not completely unable to practice tai chi, but the squatting position should not be too low, and do not play several sets in a row to prevent the knee from overburdening injury. When riding a bicycle, knee arthritis patients to adjust the car seat, in order to sit on the car seat two feet stirrups two legs can straighten or slightly bent appropriate, the car seat is too high, too low or cycling uphill hard stirrups, on the knee joints have a negative impact. Even if you don’t have time to exercise, long time sitting and standing, but also to change the posture often, to prevent the knee joints to fix a posture and too much force. 4, warm up before exercise: patients have to do a good job before exercise to prepare for the exercise, gently stretch the knee joints, so that the knee joints are fully active before participating in sports. (B): knee warming knee osteoarthritis has a tendency to be younger, it is recommended that women do not let the cold air blowing directly to the knee joints, if necessary, wear knee pads, long pants, to prevent the knee joints from being cooled. Do not wear high-heeled shoes when walking long distances, wear thick and flexible soft-soled shoes to reduce the impact on the knee joints. Especially obese women, weight will increase the burden on the knee joints, weight control can also prevent knee pain. Third, because of long-term desk, computer, driving, some “sedentary” and obese people gradually become arthritis susceptible population. These people, usually how to joint health care? Sedentary people have become a high incidence of arthritis, such as long-term work, use of computers, driving and so on. Especially the office crowd, more likely to suffer from arthritis, in recent years, “sedentary” arthritis patients greatly more than people engaged in heavy manual labor. Such as: sedentary driving family neck and waist arthropathy, knee arthropathy; hold the steering wheel of the wrist syndrome. Office workers, computer people common wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle arthropathy, are due to sedentary joints caused by “wasteful” atrophy, damage secondary joint inflammation. Primary osteoarthritis etiology is not clear, generally believed to be related to obesity, age, trauma, endocrine, cartilage metabolism, immune abnormalities and genetic factors. Among them, obese patients are prone to aggravate joint weight bearing and induce osteoarthritis. In order to maintain the center of gravity, obese patients are prone to knee inversion deformity, so that the weight-bearing imbalance between the two sides of the knee joint gap, leading to degenerative lesions. Especially cumulative minor injuries (such as slipping up and down the stairs), can cause sclerotic changes in the subchondral bone, affecting the resistance of the articular cartilage to joint weight-bearing, leading to cartilage degeneration, and then osteoarthritis. Therefore, the office, driving arthritis-prone people, obese people should pay attention to protect their neck, waist, shoulders, wrists, knees, ankles and other joints. How to prevent arthritis on the joint health care? (A), try to avoid sitting for a long time, squatting; pay attention to walking, working and laboring posture, sitting and standing for a long time, to often change posture, to prevent the neck, waist, knee joints to fix a posture and exert too much force. Prolonged squatting, it is best to change to a low sitting position (sitting on a small stool), because squatting when the knee joints are loaded with their own body weight of 3 to 6 times (such as auto mechanics, sandblasters). (b) Try to avoid overweight, actively lose weight and control weight to prevent aggravating the burden on waist, knee and ankle joints. （People with osteoarthritis of the waist, knee and ankle joints should try their best to avoid going up and down the stairs, hiking, standing for a long time and lifting heavy objects, so as to avoid aggravating the condition of the waist, knee and ankle joints by overloading them. (D), to participate in sports activities to do a good job of preparatory activities, gently stretch the waist, knee, ankle joints, so that these joints are fully active before participating in strenuous exercise. When practicing leg press, don’t lift the leg too high to prevent excessive pulling of the knee joint. When practicing taijiquan, don’t squat too low, and don’t play several sets in a row to prevent overburdening of waist, knee and ankle joints. (E) Wear soft-soled shoes with thick and flexible soles when walking long distances, and don’t wear high-heeled shoes, so as to minimize the impact on the knee joints and avoid wear and tear on the waist, knee and ankle joints. (F), should pay attention to the waist, knee joint warmth, knee joints in the cold, blood vessel contraction, blood circulation deterioration, often make the pain worse. (G), riding a bicycle, to adjust the height of the car seat to sit on the car seat on both feet in the stirrups, both legs can straighten or slightly bent for appropriate, car seat is too high, too low or cycling uphill hard pedaling, on the knee joints have a negative impact, should be overcome.