Pain is one of the most unbearable symptoms for human beings, along with a strong emotional impact. Nasal congestion and runny nose can be slowly cured, frequent urination can be slowly cured, as for the pain …… Cao Cao headache will kill, who can still calmly say “all right” if a severe headache, that is a real man! In the face of pain, painkillers have become a topic we can not avoid. Most people are concerned about two things when they take painkillers: First, does the medicine work? Second, the drug side effects? Painkillers, of course, can not escape these two questions. However, painkillers are special, in addition to the above two questions, there is a third question – what will happen if they are abused? Abuse of painkillers can be divided into three cases: should not be used, used too much, used too long. What happens when you use them when you shouldn’t? Not all painkillers have to be used when your doctor says “you should,” after all, we’re talking about over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers today. If the cause of the pain is clear and the drug has been used before, such as primary menstrual cramps, women take some ibuprofen, rheumatic pain in the elderly take some Benoxetate, as long as the instructions to the use of the drug, and do not have to go to the doctor to ask for advice. However, if the pain is unexplained, especially “invisible” pain, such as stomach pain, stomach pain, etc., please do not think of using a painkiller to “cure it”. Because the cause of this type of pain may be more complex, if you just use painkillers to relieve the symptoms without going to the hospital to check it out, it may cover up and delay the condition. There is a case in the American TV series “Dr. House”: a little girl could not feel any pain at all, which sounds great at first glance, but the consequences are very serious. Because she couldn’t feel any pain, she didn’t realize that she had put her hand in hot water, causing burns. A contusion was caused by a deadly struggle when caught in an instrument. Finally, because there was no pain and no fear, she jumped down the stairs, causing a fracture. Pain is actually an early warning, and while painkillers keep you from feeling pain, they also lay a huge hidden danger – not knowing what’s wrong with your body. What happens when you use too much? If you are lucky enough to meet a really senior pharmacist at the drugstore and you say “I want to buy antipyretic painkillers”, he will most likely ask you the question “How’s your stomach normally?” This is because the medicines sold in pharmacies are not suitable for the stomach. This is because the antipyretic drugs sold in pharmacies usually have gastrointestinal reactions, which are clearly written on the instructions of the drugs. If the drug is used in the usual dosage, the gastrointestinal reaction may be mild. However, if you ignore the instructions “do not reuse within N hours” and take one capsule after another, or swallow two at a time, you need to be careful of “gastric ulcers”. Everyone has experienced pain and understands the feeling of wanting to get rid of it. But using two pills in a short period of time, or two pills from the same class, is not better than one pill for pain relief, but can pose other risks. Some studies have now found that painkillers may cause chronic interstitial nephritis, renal papillary necrosis, and renal insufficiency due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Aspirin can make the coagulation function affected, causing bleeding tendency. Anakinra and POTASONE can inhibit bone marrow and cause leukopenia, or even lead to granulocyte deficiency. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has been used for so many years that the FDA didn’t issue a bulletin until last year limiting the dose to no more than 325mg per dose, or else it increases the risk of liver damage. Did it become more toxic? No, it’s just that we didn’t realize it before. Therefore, do not easily exceed the recommended dosage, which is the most cost-effective dosage after countless experiments and constant revisions. What happens if you use it for too long? 1. drug addiction Your cause of illness is clear, and also in accordance with the regular dose of drugs, but the instructions clearly written “use not more than 7 days”, and you have been using for a full month, but also simply can not stop. If you have reached such a level, you are already in the category of “abuse”. You can even say that it is a kind of addiction. Addictive is not a word reserved for drug addicts; a number of drugs are also addictive. In the realm of pain relief, the main ones with serious addictive properties are opioid painkillers, although such drugs don’t show up at the pharmacy, but any drug with definite addictive properties is usually a prescription drug. You can only use them if your doctor thinks you need to. It used to be thought that antipyretic analgesic painkillers were not addictive, but a growing body of research has found that some dependence may also develop if such medications are used over a long period of time. Once the drug is discontinued it can produce mood disturbances, anxiety, inattention, generalized pain, fear of cold and even chills and other discomforts, prompting the drug to be taken again. Of course, this addiction is not comparable to opioid analgesics, but because of the availability of antipyretic analgesics, the possibility of abuse is relatively large, and can only rely on personal discipline. 2. drug resistance Some people take painkillers, from taking one tablet, to two tablets, and then later take three tablets is not much use, this is also the long-term use of drugs “aftermath” – drug resistance. At this time, in addition to bringing more side effects, there is no other benefit, it may be worthwhile to ask the doctor’s opinion: perhaps the need for several kinds of painkillers to eat; perhaps the need to throw away the painkillers, the root cause of the disease and then say. No drugs, there are other ways to relieve pain? There are a few “remedies” that you may want to try. (1) Shift the stimulus Pain is one kind of signal, and other stimuli such as cold, heat and pressure are also signals, and there is a limit to the number of signals that the brain can receive and process at the same time. That’s why, when you burn yourself with cold water continuously, you will feel less pain; when you have menstrual cramps, you can use a hot warm baby to reduce the pain. (2) Art can also It is said that art can also relieve pain, such as listening to music, admiring beautiful paintings, watching comedy movies, which will raise the endorphin level in the brain, strengthen the brain’s ‘euphoria’ and improve the tolerance of pain. (3) Fight pain with pain Finally, “fighting pain with pain” is not a bad idea. When the middle finger of your left hand is pinched by a door and the pain is excruciating, you will subconsciously squeeze the whole palm of your hand. This is not a boring action, because when you pinch your whole palm by yourself, the signal of ‘severe pain in the middle finger’ will not be transmitted to the brain as much.