The World Health Organization (WHO) released the World Cancer Report before this year’s World Cancer Day (Feb. 4), which mentioned that the global cancer burden has increased, with about 14 million new cases in 2012. It is predicted that the number of new cancer cases worldwide will rise to 22 million per year in the next two decades, and the number of cancer deaths will rise from 8.2 million to 13 million per year in the same period.
The World Cancer Report is the first report in six years to provide an overview of the global cancer situation, and is compiled by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the official cancer agency of the WHO, with the participation of more than 250 scientists from more than 40 countries. In 2012, the three most common cancers in the world were lung cancer (1.8 million), breast cancer (1.7 million) and colorectal cancer (1.4 million), and the three most deadly cancers were lung cancer (1.59 million), liver cancer (745,000), stomach cancer (723,000), colorectal cancer (694,000), breast cancer (521,000) and esophageal cancer (400,000). . Worldwide in 2012, there were approximately 14.1 million new cancer cases, 8.2 million cancer deaths and 32.6 million cancer patients (diagnosed within 5 years). Cancer cases are increasing even more in developing countries due to population growth and aging. More than 60% of cancer cases and about 70% of cancer deaths worldwide occur in Africa, Asia, Central and South America. The incidence of cancer in these regions is expected to increase due to lack of early detection and early diagnosis and lack of timely treatment.
The age-standardized cancer incidence rate is almost 25% higher for men (205 per 100,000) than for women (165 per 100,000). Cancer incidence rates for men have increased almost fivefold in different regions of the world: rates range from 79/100,000 in West Africa to 365/100,000 in Australia/New Zealand (with a significant relationship to the high incidence of prostate cancer in that region). The increase in cancer incidence among women was relatively low (nearly 3-fold): incidence rates ranged from 103/100,000 in South Asia to 295/100,000 in North America.
Relative to cancer incidence, regional differences in cancer mortality rates were small, with slightly higher rates in developed regions than in less developed regions, with 15% higher rates in males and 8% higher rates in females. Cancer mortality rates for males were highest in Central and Eastern Europe (173/100,000) and lowest in West Africa (69/100,000); for females, cancer mortality rates were highest in Melanesia (Southwest Pacific Islands) (119/100,000) and East Africa (111/100,000) and lowest in Central America (72/100,000) and South Central Asia (65/100,000). According to the World Cancer Report, China accounts for about 20% of new cancer cases and 25% of cancer deaths worldwide. 3.06 million new cancer cases and 2.2 million cancer deaths were recorded in China in 2012. The cancers with the highest incidence rates are lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, rectal cancer and esophageal cancer, in that order. There are three main challenges to cancer prevention and treatment in China: over 300 million smokers (Ministry of Health 2012 data), obesity, increase in cancers associated with physical inactivity, and aging. The report predicts that China will enter a period of high cancer incidence in the coming period, and based on the current growth rate, by 2030, China will have more than 5 million new cancer cases and 3.86 million annual deaths. In early 2013, the China Tumor Registry released the 2012 China Tumor Registry Annual Report, which is based on data from 72 surveillance sites in 24 provinces covering 85 million people. According to the report, the annual number of new tumor cases in China is about 3.12 million, the national tumor mortality rate is 180.5/100,000, and the average five-year survival rate of tumor patients is 20.0%-30.0%; the top three deadliest malignant tumors in China are lung cancer, liver cancer and gastric cancer, and the mortality rate of men is higher than that of women, and the urban area is obviously higher than that of the rural area, and there is a trend of lower age, with the age group of 40-44 almost doubling. The age group of 40-44 years old has almost doubled; the geographical characteristics of cancer in China are obvious, such as stomach cancer is concentrated in the northwest and coastal areas, the high incidence of liver cancer is concentrated in the southeast coast and northeast Jilin and other areas, and the rate of increase of colorectal cancer cases in urban areas is fast.