The trend of congenital heart disease is to perform surgery as early as possible to improve the systemic condition as soon as possible and to maximize the quality of life of patients. And staged surgery or palliative surgery refers to the surgery or treatment that can be taken to alleviate and control the disease as much as possible to create favorable conditions for the next step of radical treatment when radical treatment is not yet possible under the current condition. For patients with very poorly developed pulmonary arteries such as tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia and tricuspid atresia with narrow pulmonary arteries, body-pulmonary bypass surgery can be performed in one stage, and then anatomical radical surgery can be performed in the second stage according to the development of pulmonary arteries. For patients with functional single ventricle, the upper vena cava (equal to 1/3 of body vein blood) can be connected to the pulmonary artery in the first stage, so that its oxygenation will no longer flow into the right atrium, and the “right-to-left” shunt flow will be reduced accordingly, thus reducing the burden on the right ventricle by about 35-45%, and after the child tolerates this, the second stage will be performed If a child with a single ventricle is less than 3 months old and has pulmonary artery stenosis, at this time the pulmonary artery pressure is high and the child has heavy bruising, it is necessary to improve the oxygen saturation of the child by first performing a body-pulmonary shunt, and then perform physiological correction in the second stage. In infants with massive left-to-right shunts, pulmonary artery annuloplasty is performed to manage congestive heart failure and to prevent or abort the further development of obstructive pulmonary vascular disease. In functional single ventricle with pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery banding may also be used to limit the rise in pulmonary vascular resistance pending the next surgical step. In children with transposition of the great arteries, if there is degeneration of left ventricular function, pulmonary artery circumferential reduction may also be performed first for ventricular function to await the second stage for transposition of the great arteries. How long after the first stage of palliative surgery can radical surgery be performed? Generally, at Fu Wai Hospital, we ask the parents of the child to come for follow-up examinations one month, three months and six months after discharge, and every six months thereafter, including electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, cardiac ultrasound and cardiac catheterization if necessary, and the doctor will make an overall evaluation before deciding on the next treatment plan. The purpose of staged surgery is to improve hemodynamics, relieve and control the disease, allow further growth and development, and wait for the time to do radical treatment. Although staged surgery increases the number of procedures, staged surgical treatment improves overall survival for children with complex malformations.