What does endoscopic treatment of colon and rectal cancer include? Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), a safe and effective treatment for superficial mucosal lesions (e.g. flat polyps). Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD): lesions that are difficult to remove as a whole with EMR capsulectomy, ② fibrotic lesions due to biopsy or inflammation, ③ disseminated, focal lesions due to chronic inflammation, such as ulcerative colitis, and ④ localized residual cancer after EMR. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TME): for early rectal cancer within 16 cm from the anus; transendoscopic placement of metal stents and intestinal obstruction catheters for acute colorectal cancerous obstruction.