The obvious swelling and pain between the caudal vertebrae and the anus is not excepted from local soft tissue infection, which is also known as anal abscess, which is commonly secondary to inflammation of the anal sinus and recurrent episodes of non-healing. In addition, a history of hemorrhoids, or a long history of anal fissures, a long period of repeated chronic infection stimulation, and a low immunity of the body can also induce the formation of perianal abscesses. Patients with pain and significant fever should be promptly selected for surgical incision and drainage, and after surgery, they should be systematically treated with intravenous anti-infection therapy and daily drug changes, as well as local cleaning and sitz baths after defecation. In addition, pay attention to the hygiene around the anus, increase the diet and nutrition, and properly perform physical exercise to enhance physical fitness.