Gastric xanthoma is a reactive hyperplasia with foam-like cells deposited in the mucosa, also known as gastric macula, and is a rare benign lesion of the stomach. The pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear, and studies suggest that it may be related to factors such as gastric mucosal injury, gastric epithelial intestinal metabolism, and abnormal lipid metabolism. The disease can be seen at any age and is more common in men than women. Gastric yellow tumors are often clinically asymptomatic and do not cause gastrointestinal and other clinical symptoms such as gastric distension, stomach pain, acid reflux, heartburn, etc. They are usually detected incidentally by gastroscopy, and the lesions are often solitary. Gastroscopy reveals round or oval plaques above the gastric mucosal surface, or flattened and elevated, or snowflake or patchy, with smooth or rough, yellow or yellow-white surfaces, ranging from about 1 mm to 6 mm in diameter. The cells of macrophage nests in the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa are well-defined, round or polygonal, with abundant cytosolic paddles, and the HE staining is foamy with small, round nuclei located centrally or to one side. The disease can occur anywhere in the stomach, with the gastric sinus being the most common. Gastric yellow tumors generally do not require specific treatment and are reviewed regularly. Most patients can be removed by biopsy forceps at once under gastroscopy, while larger diameters can be removed in parts. If gastric yellow tumor is associated with superficial gastritis or atrophic gastritis, the concomitant disease should be treated actively. At present, there is no direct and effective evidence to prove the direct relationship between gastric yellow tumor and the occurrence of gastric cancer, but the disease can be seen in the examination of some gastric cancer patients. If gastric yellow tumor is found in the examination, it should be taken seriously, and it is necessary to change the bad habits in life, quit smoking, alcohol and control weight, etc.