What is gynecological endocrinology? The endocrine organs responsible for regulating female physiological functions are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries. The hypothalamus is the leader, which secretes releasing or inhibiting hormones to promote or prevent the secretion of pituitary hormones. The pituitary gland in turn governs the ovaries. It secretes the following hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and lactogenic hormone (LH), the first two hormones are called gonadotropins. Estrogen has a wide range of physiological functions, mainly in the development of female reproductive organs and the formation and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics. In addition, it has a regulatory function on the metabolism of all systems of the body. The role of progesterone is mainly limited to the uterus and is what prepares the endometrium to receive and nourish the fertilized egg. It also has a familiar and interesting role in raising the basal body temperature. It appears that the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary cascade leads the way, but the estrogen and progesterone produced by the ovaries can, in turn, have a so-called “negative feedback” effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary, that is, when the ovarian hormone concentration rises, the hypothalamus becomes more active. When the concentration of ovarian hormones rises, the hypothalamus reduces the secretion of releasing hormones and the pituitary gland reduces the secretion of gonadotropins, thus causing the level of ovarian hormones to fall; and when the level of ovarian hormones is low, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland rush to secrete releasing hormones and gonadotropins, prompting the ovaries to produce more hormones. With this negative feedback, there is the ebb and flow of the menstrual cycle. The natural hormones in the body work together in perfect harmony. What conditions require a gynecologic endocrine visit? Broadly speaking, gynecological endocrine diseases are diseases that cover a very wide range and can be divided into the following four major blocks: i. Menstrual diseases, i.e. menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, hyperprolactinemia, etc. Second, the problem of infertility, any series of diseases that cannot complete normal reproductive function, are related to gynecological endocrine. Third, menopause-related diseases. Commonly known as menopause, most of women’s menopausal problems are related to gynecological endocrinology, such as menopausal syndrome, tension incontinence, senile vaginitis, osteoporosis, knee dysfunction, lower limb muscle weakness, etc. Fourth, some diseases related to sexual development. That is, abnormal sexual differentiation, breast dysplasia, precocious puberty, and delayed puberty, etc.