Abdominal enlargement in patients with peritoneal dialysis may be due to the excessive amount of peritoneal dialysis fluid put into the abdominal cavity, or abdominal obesity or peritonitis caused by dialysis, which can be relieved by reducing peritoneal dialysis fluid, losing weight, and anti-inflammatory methods. Peritoneal dialysis, referred to as peritoneal dialysis, utilizes the patient’s own peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane, and through the infusion of dialysis fluid into the abdominal cavity, it realizes the exchange of solutes between the blood and the dialysis fluid in order to remove metabolic wastes within the blood, maintain electrolyte and acid-base balance, and at the same time, remove the excessive fluid. It is mainly used for patients with acute kidney injury and chronic renal failure. Since abdominal dialysis is to inject dialysis fluid into the abdominal cavity, when too much abdominal dialysis fluid is injected, the abdomen will become larger for a short period of time, and the dialysis program should be adjusted under the guidance of a professional physician such as appropriately reducing the amount of dialysis fluid. Abdominal dialysis fluid contains a large amount of glucose, which can be absorbed by the human body, resulting in excess body heat, abdominal obesity, making the patient’s abdomen larger. At this time, patients can properly strengthen the exercise, avoid sedentary, reduce the accumulation of fat in the abdomen. Abdominal dialysis patients are easy to combine with peritonitis, ascites, making the abdomen bigger. Once the diagnosis of peritonitis is clear, immediate anti-infection treatment is needed, and antibiotics such as norfloxacin and cephalosporin can be added to the dialysis fluid, and antibiotics can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the results of drug sensitivity tests. When the abdomen becomes large in patients with abdominal dialysis, it is recommended to seek timely medical treatment under the guidance of a professional physician to avoid delaying the condition.