In 1991, Jacob performed the world’s first laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in the United States, and Folwer performed laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy in the same year; in 1992, Kokerling successfully performed Miles surgery under laparoscopy for the first time; in 1992, Lee Ka-wah performed laparoscopic colorectal surgery earlier in Asia. At present, the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in operation technology has been fully confirmed by evidence-based medicine, and it has become the most mature procedure of laparoscopic gastrointestinal; among them, laparoscopic rectal surgery has unique advantages, the 30-degree laparoscopic field of view, which changes the top-down view during open surgery, facilitates the judgment of the lax connective tissue gap between the layers of pelvic fascia and dirty wall, the lumpectomy reaches the narrow small pelvis and magnifies The application of ultrasonic knife and other instruments can effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding, achieve precise dissection, and complete lymph node dissection without touching the tumor, which is more in line with the principle of tumor-free, and can be completed with 1-2 additional poking holes when combined with gallbladder stones, liver cysts or liver metastases, without extending the incision to increase the surgical trauma of patients. Because of the unique viewpoint of laparoscopy, the operator can observe the pelvic floor and distal rectum closely and further free the distal end under direct vision; it is conducive to the protection of internal and external sphincters and improves the success rate of anus-preserving surgery, and the intraoperative and postoperative complications of laparoscopic colorectal surgery are not significantly different from those of open surgery, while the operating time and intraoperative bleeding are comparable or even better than those of open surgery. Indications for laparoscopic colorectal surgery: early and mid-stage colorectal tumors and advanced tumors; various chronic benign lesions of the colorectum, various lesions that are difficult to operate with colonoscopic polypectomy; also applicable to functional colorectal diseases including slow transmission constipation of the colon, congenital megacolon and rectal prolapse or internal prolapse, etc. Relative contraindications to laparoscopic colorectal surgery: those who cannot tolerate general anesthesia and laparoscopic surgery; malignant tumors with extensive abdominal metastases; tumors too large to be removed from a small incision are relative contraindications tumors >6 cm in diameter and/or extensive infiltration with surrounding tissues; acute intestinal obstruction. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery methods: 1. anesthesia: general anesthesia; 2. position: generally used as an important adjunct to laparoscopic surgery exposure. 3. incision location: four to five poke holes are made, first in the umbilicus to make an incision to place the laparoscope, and the other incisions are made on the left and right rib margins under the midline of the clavicle, and near the corresponding points of the right and left lower abdominal mets. 4. equipment: ultrasonic knife, various types of intestinal cutting and suturing devices and circular anastomosis, non-invasive intestinal grasping and holding forceps, vascular clips and specimen bags, etc. Surgical modalities: 1. Total laparoscopic colorectal surgery: the resection and anastomosis of intestinal segments are done laparoscopically, which is technically very demanding. 2. Laparoscopic assisted colorectal surgery: the resection or anastomosis of intestinal segments is done through small incisions in the abdominal wall, which is a small incision. 3. Hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery: during laparoscopic surgery, the hand is inserted into the abdominal cavity through small incisions in the abdominal wall to Auxiliary operation to complete the surgery. Precautions for malignant tumors: 1. Close the distal and proximal staples of the diseased intestinal segment as early as possible; 2. Ligate the regional vessels as early as possible; 3. Avoid direct clamping of the intestinal canal near the lesion; 4. Pay attention to the protection of the small abdominal incision before moving the specimen out of the abdominal cavity; 5. Rinse the small abdominal incision and poke holes with distilled water and iodine volts at the end of surgery. Complications: 1, anastomotic fistula: mainly manifested as peritonitis, caused by imperfect anastomosis technique, intestinal distension or mesenteric vascular ligation, mostly requiring surgical treatment; 2, anastomotic stenosis: mild stenosis, requiring no special treatment, severe stenosis requiring surgical treatment; 3, ureteral injury, urinary extravasation; 4, bleeding or hematoma formation; 5, complications specific to laparoscopic surgery (subcutaneous emphysema, vascular complications from puncture and gastrointestinal tract injury, gas embolism, etc.). Shortcomings of laparoscopic technique: 1. The hand cannot enter the abdominal cavity and cannot touch the intestinal canal and lesion. For small tumors in the intestinal cavity, they cannot be correctly located and sometimes need to be marked preoperatively by the colonoscope or localized intraoperatively with the colonoscope.2. For beginners, there are difficulties in traction and microscopic identification of anatomical levels; the learning curve is long.3. It is not as convenient as open surgery to deal with accidental bleeding and other unexpected situations.4. The cost of laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery is slightly higher than that of open surgery.