Causes of severe anemia include insufficient red blood cell production, excessive red blood cell destruction, and excessive blood loss.
1. Insufficient red blood cell production
(1) Hematopoietic stem cell abnormalities: ①Aplastic anemia: a bone marrow hematopoietic failure. ② pure red blood cell aplastic anemia. (3) Congenital erythropoietic anemia: a class of hereditary red lineage stem cells caused by benign clonal abnormalities. (iv) Hematopoietic system malignant clonal diseases: such as myelodysplastic syndromes and hematopoietic system neoplastic diseases.
(2) Abnormal hematopoietic regulation: ① Damage to bone marrow stromal cells: such as myelofibrosis. Lymphocyte hyperfunction. (iii) Abnormal level of hematopoietic regulatory factors: e.g., insufficient erythropoietin due to renal insufficiency. (iv) Hyper apoptosis of hematopoietic cells.
(3) Insufficient or impaired utilization of raw materials: ① megaloblastic anemia: caused by folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency or impaired utilization. (② Iron deficiency anemia: caused by iron deficiency. ③ Reduced hemoglobin leads to impaired utilization of iron.
2. Excessive destruction of red blood cells: such as thalassemia and paroxysmal sleep hemoglobinuria.
3. Excessive blood loss: such as hemophilia, severe trauma, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Patients with severe anemia should go to the hospital in time to find out the cause and standardize the treatment under the guidance of professional doctors.