Venous malformation is a type of hemangioma that occurs in the cheek, neck, eyelids, lips, tongue, or floor of the mouth. The location varies from normal skin or mucous membrane color if deeper, to blue or purple if shallower. The borders are less clear, soft to the touch and can be compressed, and sometimes venous stones can be found. When the head is in a low position, the lesion area is engorged and enlarged; when the normal position is restored, the swelling is also reduced and restored to its original state. This is called positive postural shift test. When the size of the venous malformation is small, there are usually no conscious symptoms. If it continues to develop and grows, it may cause facial, lip and tongue deformities and functional disorders. If infection occurs, it may cause pain, swelling, surface skin or mucosal ulceration, and risk of bleeding. Pathophysiology The old classification called cavernous hemangioma is composed of numerous blood sinuses of endothelial cells. The blood sinuses vary in size and shape, like sponge structures. Blood coagulates in the sinusoidal cavity to form a thrombus and may calcify into a vein stone. Diagnostic Tests To determine their location, size, extent and their anastomosis, ultrasound, arteriography, aneurysm lumpectomy or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) may be used to assist in the diagnosis. Treatment options Treatment of vascular or vascular malformations should be determined by the type and location of the lesion and the age of the patient. Current treatment options include surgical resection, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, laser therapy, and sclerotherapy injections. Comprehensive therapy is generally used. Hemangioma in infants and children should be observed and some interventional treatment should also be given in time if it develops rapidly.