Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital localized cerebral vascular variant malformation in which the cerebral arteries and veins are directly connected with a lack of capillaries between them, forming a short circuit between the arteries and veins, causing hemodynamic disorders and leading to recurrent cerebral hemorrhage, epileptic seizures, and progressive neurological dysfunction such as hemiplegia, aphasia, and sensory deficits. Surgery often results in residual malformation or postoperative neurological dysfunction, such as limb paralysis, aphasia, memory, thinking disorders, and sensory deficits, due to difficulties in intraoperative separation, identification, and dissection of the blood-supplying arteries, identification of the draining veins, and ischemia/reperfusion injuries in the postoperative period. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can be categorized into large, medium and small according to their size, location, neighboring neural structures, and blood-supplying arteries and draining veins. For superficial small and medium-sized AVMs, surgical treatment and Gamma Knife can achieve good results.