Vivid nevus, other than affecting the aesthetics, is not a major obstacle, so there is no need to deliberately seek treatment, and external use of cosmetics close to the skin color to cover it up is sufficient. Simple hemangioma can wait until the age of 5-7 years, and the lesions of 3/4 patients will fade away naturally. Do not listen to quackery and apply external treatment, which may result in serious consequences of bleeding and infection or even disfigurement. If the hemangioma grows rapidly or invades and compresses the neighboring organs, causing serious consequences (e.g. airway occlusion, difficulty in breastfeeding), it should be treated at a hospital with the right conditions. How many types of hemangiomas are there and what are their manifestations? Hemangiomas are congenital benign tumors or vascular malformations, which are usually seen at birth or shortly after birth. According to their clinical manifestations and structural characteristics, hemangiomas can be divided into capillary hemangiomas, cavernous hemangiomas and trapezius hemangiomas, the first two of which are more common in clinical practice. Capillary hemangioma is composed of a large number of intertwined and dilated capillaries, which are mostly found on the skin of face and face, bright red or purplish red, level with the skin surface, clearly circumscribed, irregular in shape and varying in size from small spots to several centimeters. When the tumor is pressed by finger, the surface color will recede, and when the pressure is released, the blood will immediately fill the tumor and the tumor will regain its original size and color, and this type of large area is called wine spot hemangioma. Another type of hemangioma is prune-like hemangioma, which protrudes from the skin and resembles prune-like with uneven height. Spongiform hemangioma consists of numerous blood sinuses lined with endothelial cells, which vary in size and shape, like sponges. The sinusoidal cavities are filled with venous blood and communicate with each other. Sometimes the blood in the sinus cavity coagulates and forms a thrombus, which may calcify into a vein stone. Spongiform hemangioma is usually found in the cheek, neck, eyelid, lip, tongue or the floor of the mouth, and the skin or mucosa is normal in color when it is deep, or blue or purple when it is superficial. The tumor has indistinct borders, is soft on palpation, can be compressed, and sometimes a vein stone can be retrieved. When the head is low, the tumor is congested and enlarged; when the head is raised, the tumor shrinks and returns to its original state. When the tumor is large, it can cause facial, lip and tongue deformation and functional disorder. Patients usually have no conscious symptoms, but secondary infection can cause pain, swelling, ulceration and bleeding. Spongiform hemangioma sometimes coexists with capillary hemangioma. Trabecular hemangioma is a tortuous, curved, irregular and pulsating hemangioma that is mainly formed by the direct anastomosis of arteries and veins with significantly dilated vessel walls, and is mostly seen in adults. It is often found in the temporal or subscalp tissues where the superficial temporal arteries are located. The tumor is rosaceous in elevation, with high surface temperature, tremor on palpation, and blowing murmur on auscultation. The pulsation and murmur of the tumor will disappear when the blood supplying artery is completely pressed shut. The tumor can erode the bone at the base or protrude into the skin, making it thin and even necrotic and bleeding. Note that trabecular hemangioma may coexist with capillary or cavernous hemangioma. What treatments are available for oral and maxillofacial hemangioma? Treatment of hemangioma should take into account the type of hemangioma, its location, and the age of the patient. The current treatment methods include surgical excision, radiation therapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy, sclerotherapy injection, etc. Comprehensive therapy is generally used. Temporary observation can be considered for hemangioma in infants and children, and a few patients can disappear on their own; if they grow rapidly, they should be removed surgically in time. The effect of radiotherapy is not yet certain, and it has the possibility of causing cancer, so it is rarely used now. The endothelial cells of the vessel wall in infants or children are still in an embryonic state and are more sensitive to hormone therapy. For infants and children with fast-growing cavernous hemangiomas, prednisolone can be injected into the tumor cavity or prednisone can be taken orally, which can sometimes stop the growth of the tumor or reduce it significantly. Adult hemangiomas are not sensitive to hormones. For cavernous hemangioma, 3% sodium cod liver oil or other vascular sclerosing agents can be injected into the tumor cavity to cause fibrosis of the tumor cavity and occlusion of the tumor cavity, resulting in shrinkage or disappearance of the tumor. Temporary compression of the surrounding tissues and blocking of blood flow are recommended when injecting. The amount of injection depends on the size of the tumor, generally cod liver oil sodium acid does not exceed 5ml once, if the effect is not good, surgical excision or cryotherapy can be used. Argon ion laser irradiation can be tried for facial capillary hemangioma. Laser or cryotherapy is effective for submucosal cavernous hemangioma, but not for wine spot hemangioma. Surgical resection is feasible for resectable hemangiomas. Removal of lip and tongue hemangioma should be done in such a way that it does not affect the function. If the tumor is too large, it is advisable to do staged removal to avoid affecting the function and appearance. After resection, sclerosing agent can be injected into the residual tumor. The wound after resection can be directly sutured or repaired by local flap transfer, and the large wound should be free of skin graft, and the cavernous defect should be repaired by tissue graft. Sometimes, due to extensive lesions, one or both external carotid arteries need to be ligated during surgery to reduce bleeding. In recent years, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) technique has been applied, and its hemostatic effect is much better than that of external carotid artery ligation. Central jaw hemangioma is extremely prone to bleeding during surgery, and adequate blood preparation and hypothermic and hypotensive anesthesia should be used to control bleeding. Surgery should also be performed by ligating one or both external carotid arteries, or directly ligating the inferior alveolar artery or the internal maxillary artery, although the TAE technique is better. Maxillary central hemangioma should be operated as much as possible with a conservative procedure. With effective bleeding control, only the intraosseous lesion can be scraped and more bone tissue can be preserved to maintain the facial appearance. Osteotomy may also be used in cases where the bone destruction is excessive and excessive and bleeding is difficult to control.