What is the main etiologic factor in the reticular pattern of vasoconstriction in the skin?

Skin vasoconstriction in a reticular pattern is thought to be characteristic of a lightning injury. Electrocution is an injury caused by the passage of electric current through the body. It is usually caused by inadvertent electrocution or lightning strikes. When a person is struck by lightning, the heartbeat and respiration often stop immediately, accompanied by myocardial damage. This is followed by myosinuria. There are many reasons for electric shock injury, mainly due to lack of knowledge of safe use of electricity, installation and maintenance of electrical appliances, wires do not operate according to regulations, hanging clothes on the wires. High temperature, high humidity and sweating make the skin surface resistance decrease, easy to cause electrical injury. Accidental breakage of wires falling on the human body as well as thunderstorms under the tree to avoid rain or umbrellas with iron handles and was struck by lightning, can cause electrical damage. The human body as a conductor of electricity, in contact with the current, that is, become part of the circuit. The severity of the damage to the human body and the voltage level, current strength, DC and AC, frequency level, energization time, contact parts, current direction and the environment of the meteorological conditions are closely related to the relationship between the voltage level is greater. Voltage 40V that is the risk of tissue damage, 220V can cause ventricular fibrillation, 1000V can make the respiratory center paralysis. Current can make muscle cell membrane depolarization, 10 ~ 20mA (milliamperes) has been able to make muscle contraction, 50 ~ 60mA can cause ventricular fibrillation. Alternating current can make the muscles continue to twitch, can be “held” by the power supply, so that the electrocuted person can not break free from the power supply. Low-frequency alternating current is more harmful than high frequency, especially when the frequency per second is 50-60Hz (Hertz), it is easy to induce ventricular fibrillation. Thus alternating current is more hazardous than direct current. The resistance of different tissues under different conditions is not the same. Dry skin resistance up to 50,000 ~ 100,000 Ω (ohms), wet skin resistance down to 1000 ~ 5000 Ω, broken skin resistance of only 300 ~ 500 Ω. The resistance of the tissues from small increase in order of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels; tendons, muscles, nerves; fat, skin; bones, palms, heels, scalp and other dense tissue. The greater the resistance of the tissue, the less current passes through it. The current generally travels forward in the body along tissues with low resistance. The direction of the current through vital organs has a serious prognosis; through the brainstem causes respiratory arrest; through the heart causes ventricular fibrillation and arrest. The duration of energization correlates with the degree of injury; energization for <25 milliseconds generally does not result in electrocution. When catheters are used for ECG recordings and pacemakers are installed, the current does not pass through the high-resistance skin, but through low-resistance wires or conductive fluids directly to the heart, with the opportunity to cause the potential for microelectrocution. Current energy can be converted into heat, raising the temperature of local tissues and causing burns. Human muscle, fat and tendons and other deep soft tissue resistance than the skin and bone for small, very easy to be burned by electric heat, but also can cause small nutrient blood vessel damage, thrombosis, causing tissue ischemia, local edema, aggravate vascular compression, so that the distal tissues of severe ischemia, necrosis. High-voltage electricity can make the local tissue temperature as high as 2000 ~ 4000 ℃. Lightning is a kind of direct current, with a voltage of 3 to 200 million V and a current of 2,000 to 3,000 A. Therefore, the instantaneous temperature of lightning is extremely high, and the tissues are quickly burned to "charcoal". The autopsy revealed congestion, edema, hemorrhage and necrosis caused by hypoxia in the central nervous system and organs throughout the body.