High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is a benign lesion, but it has cancerous potential and requires prompt treatment to prevent it from developing into cervical cancer. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion is a stage of squamous epithelial lesion of the uterine cervix. Cervical intraepithelial lesion can be categorized into low-grade lesion, high-grade lesion, and cervical cancer, so the high-grade lesion is also a precancerous lesion. When this happens, the main means of treatment is to perform cervical conization. Total hysterectomy may be performed if the patient is older, has no reproductive requirements, and is complicated by other benign gynecologic diseases. Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions reflect the continuous process in the development of cervical cancer. Early detection of cervical intraepithelial lesions through cervical cancer screening and early treatment are effective measures to prevent cervical cancer.